Congressional Majority and Minority Leaders and Whips

While the excruciating battles of partisan politics slow the work of Congress - often to a crawl, the legislative process would probably cease to function at all without the efforts of the House and Senate majority and minority party leaders and whips. Often, agents of contention, the congressional party leaders are, more importantly, agents of compromise. Intent on separating politics from government, the Founding Fathers, after what was truly a Great Compromise, established only a basic framework of the legislative branch in the Constitution. The only congressional leadership positions created in the Constitution are the Speaker of the House in Article I, Section 2, and the President of the Senate (the Vice President of the United States) in Article I, Section 3. In Article I, the Constitution empowers the House and Senate to choose their other Officers. Over the years, those officers have evolved into the party majority and minority leaders, and floor whips. Majority and minority leaders are paid a slightly higher annual salary than rank-and-file members of the House and Senate. Majority Leaders As their title implies, the majority leaders represent the party holding the majority of seats in the House and Senate, while the minority leaders represent the opposing party. In the event each Party holds 50 seats in the Senate, the party of the Vice President of the United States is considered the majority party. The members of the majority party in both the House and Senate elect their majority leader at the start of each new Congress. The first House Majority Leader, Sereno Payne (R-New York), was elected in 1899. The first Senate Majority Leader, Charles Curtis (R-Kansas) was elected in 1925. House Majority Leader The House majority leader is second only to the Speaker of the House in the hierarchy of the majority party. The majority leader, in consultation with the Speaker of the House, and party whips schedules bills for consideration by the full House and helps set the Houses daily, weekly, and annual legislative agendas. In the political arena, the majority leader works to advance the legislative goals of his or her party. The majority leader often meets with colleagues of both parties to urge them to support or defeat bills. Historically, the majority leader rarely leads House debates on major bills but does occasionally serve as the national spokesman for his or her party. Senate Majority Leader The Senate majority leader works with the chairmen and ranking members of the various Senate committees to schedule consideration of bills on the floor of the Senate and works to keep other Senators of his or her party advised of the upcoming legislative schedule. Consulting with the minority leader, the majority leader helps create special rules, called unanimous consent agreements, which limit the amount of time for debate on specific bills. The majority leader also has the power to file for the supermajority cloture vote needed to end debate during a filibuster. As the political leader of his or her party in the Senate, the majority leader has great power in crafting the contents of legislation sponsored by the majority party. For example, in March 2013, Democratic Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid of Nevada decided a measure banning the sale and possession of assault weapons would not be included in a comprehensive gun control bill sponsored by Senate Democrats on the behalf of the Obama administration. The Senate majority leader also enjoys the right of first recognition on the Senate floor. When several senators are demanding to speak during debates on bills, the presiding officer will recognize the majority leader, allowing him or her to speak first. This allows the majority leader to offer amendments, introduce substitute bills and make motions before any other senator. Indeed, famed former Senate Majority Leader Robert C. Byrd (D-West Virginia), called the right of first recognition the most potent weapon in the Majority Leaders arsenal. House and Senate Minority Leaders Elected by their fellow party members at the start of each new Congress, the House and Senate minority leaders serve as the spokesmen and floor debate leaders of the minority party, also called the loyal opposition. While many of the political leadership roles of the minority and majority leaders are similar, the minority leaders represent the policies and legislative agenda of the minority party and often serve as the national spokesmen for the minority party. Majority and Minority Whips Playing a purely political role, the majority and minority whips in both the House and Senate serve as the main channels of communication between the majority leaders and other party members. The whips and their deputy whips are responsible for marshaling support for bills supported by their party and making sure that any members who are on the fence vote for the party position. Whips will constantly count votes during debates on major bills and keep the majority leaders informed of the vote count. According to the Senate Historical Office, the term whip comes from fox hunting. During the hunt, one or more hunters were assigned to keep the dogs from straying from the trail during the chase. Very descriptive of what the House and Senate whips spend their days in Congress doing. President of the Senate The Vice President of the United States also serves as the President of the Senate. When acting in this capacity, the Vice President has only one duty: to break rare tie votes on legislation before the Senate. While the President of the Senate is empowered to preside over Senate sessions, this duty is usually handled by the Senate Majority Leader. In regular practice, vice presidents only visit the Senate chambers when they think a tie vote may be coming up. President Pro Tempore of the Senate The President pro tempore presides over the Senate when the Majority Leader is absent. As a largely honorary position, the President pro tempore is often given to the Senator of the majority party who has served the longest. The phrase â€Å"pro tempore† literally means â€Å"for the time being† in Latin.

Jane Austens Novels and Their Impact Essay - 1150 Words

Jane Austens Novels and Their Impact Northanger Abbey was one of the last of Jane Austens novels to be published in 1818, however it was the first to be written, during the years of 1798 and 1799. The book had originally been sold to Richard Crosby for  £10 in the spring of 1803, titled Susan, Crosby decided not to publish it because he believed that the market for Gothic satire was declining. Henry Austen bought the book back, thirteen years later leaving it to be revised into Northanger Abbey, first advertised as a romance not a novel. Northanger Abbey is a fierce parody of the late 18th century Gothic styles: fainting heroines, terror and haunted medieval buildings. Austen targets†¦show more content†¦Especially in the 18th century saw an increase in womens literacy and a corresponding rise in the number of female readers and writers. Novels mainly appealed to women at first, it was only respectable women who sat at home leaving them spare time to read novels, the introduction of lending libraries allowed people to obtain novels. People enjoyed novels because they critically commented on 18th century society such as marriage, this meant female characters were involved which enticed more women to read these books. The novel, with its emphasis on behaviour and marriageability, targeted women readers whereas men mainly read poetry and drama. The Gothic novel, characterized by exotic settings, seemingly supernatural occurrences, and young women in distress in dark castles, was one of the most popular forms at the end of the century, also another type of literature enjoyed by women. This brought the new fashion of women in groups reading novels at home creating a new regular social event. 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By using the feminist lens to analyze Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, readers can realize how Austen used the characters in her novel to portray feminism, which at theRead MoreA Close Analysis Of Jane Austen s Persuasion1098 Words   |  5 PagesA close analysis of Jane Austen’s Persuasion (Extract 3) Many readers of Persuasion believe Austen uses the namesake â€Å"persuasion† too neutrally. She appears to passively describe the results when the protagonist is persuaded to abandon Wentworth’s first proposal, but actually has much to say on being persuadable, and mainly argues that it is not inherently wrong. Persuasion in the novel’s early chapters works in two forms: as an overpowering force on the foolish like Sir Walter, or as an importantRead MoreJane Austen’S Pride And Prejudice Is One The World’S Most1357 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is one the world’s most popular novels. 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The Call For Rehabilitation Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

This paper will turn to issues that call for rehabilitation. The issues include ; Drug maltreatment, street households, political instability, sexual issues, societal relationships fiscal issues, Death, Crime, old age, National calamities terminal unwellness and accident. We will further discourse the causes, effects and give necessary redresss. We will write a custom essay sample on The Call For Rehabilitation Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2.0 ISSUES THAT ARISE IN REHABILITATION 2.1 Drug abuse/ substance maltreatment drugs are substances whether in signifier of drink, nutrient, medical specialty, fume, injection pulverization or exhausts which when taken into the organic structure through the oral cavity, nose or clamber, upset the biochemical system ( working ) of the organic structure and particularly the nervous system. Examples of normally abused drugs include stimulations, Sedatives, Hallucinogens inhalants, steroids and narcotics. Stimulations are drugs that affect the nervous system and distribute up the operation of the encephalon. These are drugs like miraa, bhang and cocaine, the stimulating consequence make the user experience good and alarm? Sedatives are drugs that act on the cardinal nervous system. They are used as depressants. They cut down tenseness and hearten up the user. Example of sedatives includes intoxicant, opium ( bhang ) and heroine. Hallucinogens are drugs which cause hallucinations that is hearing or seeking something that does non be. Example of this drugs is Marijuana. Inhalants are drugs inhaled by users for illustration gum, methylbenzene, gasoline, butane and snuff. Narcotics are drugs that affect temper or behavior for illustration heroine, cocaine and morphia. Peoples who are addicted to utilize of these drugs may demo the undermentioned marks ; aggression, anxiousness, depression deficiency of coordination and concentration, increased blood force per unit area and bosom rate, deficiency of appetite restlessness, loss of memory and damage in larning. Low self- regard and Loss of assurance, musculus hurting and tummy spasms. 2.2 Street households Street households are yet another issue which arises in rehabilitation. The province of stateless kids particularly in urban subsiding is high. This is because of dislocation in household support systems and difficult economic state of affairss. Street kids in Kenya are referred to as â€Å" Chokora ‘ . They live in little groups and are ever whiffing gum, and frequently perceived as unsafe. Due to miss of attention and counsel, some of them grow to go difficult nucleus felons, drugs pedlars and hire for slaying ‘ packs. They are hopeless and this has a negative impact on a kid ‘s physical, educational and emotional development. The kid ‘s life lacks continuity, privateness, consistence cleanliness, permanence and belonging. This finally consequences in unacceptable behaviors such as moving low, combat, restlessness, depression and low defeat tolerance. Most street kids are normally ill-fed and may demo delayed development and physical jobs. They are likely to endure from anxiousness, may be abused physically or psychologically such kids do non travel to school and when they do, they are normally marginalized by fellow pupils and instructors due to their idiosyncrasies therefore need for rehabilitation. 2.3 Political instability This refers to state of affairss that arise as a consequence of discord between different categories of persons in society. This besides consequences from inappropriate political policies, clime alteration, nutrient deficit, population detonation every bit good as inordinate dependence on external trade. Political instability can ensue from a famine state of affairs. This arises from drouth or devastation of harvests by disease and animate beings which will ensue to people endeavoring for the barely available 1s therefore political instability. Tribalism and nepotism. This refers to a state of affairs where a individual uses influence or place to prefer people from his folk or kin in public place. This leads to discontentment that causes discord. It can besides originate from unjust allotment of national resources. Corruptness and misdemeanor of human rights. This is experienced when persons get involved in peculation, greed for power unemployment. Greediness for power particularly causes civil discord. 2.4 Sexual Related issues The sexual related issues come in different signifiers. They include ; Sexual torment. This consequences from single who molest particularly misss or female gender sexually. Incest: This is a instance of relations acquiring involved in sexual intercourse which may originate from sexual mental instability or even usage of drugs. Sexual add-on that consequences from either moral eroding or influence of drugs that arouse one ‘s emotional and physical strengths towards sex. 2.5 Terminal unwellness. Terminal unwellness may come in different ways. These will include malignant neoplastic disease, bosom and kidney jobs, HIV/Aids, physical damage. These consequences from the undermentioned facets. Inheritance: the familial factors may do such diseases as blood malignant neoplastic disease. They may do lasting cicatrixs in persons may necessitate guidance. Accident: these may besides do lameness an person will hold to populate with. Deformity of the organic structure or even being a beginning of a bodily disease people requires encouragement in such incidences. Domestic force and physical maltreatment. The cause of force are on the rise whether domestic or group. Peoples have been affected emotionally due to this. Domestic workers are the major victims which are widening to adult females and kids. Such victims require that they get involved in rehabilitation to minimise the effects originating from them. 2.6 Condemnable instances This is a by and large agreeable aberrant behavior in society. They range from burglary, carjacking. They are caused by the undermentioned factors ; Deprived vicinity. Economically destitute vicinity may engender condemnable heads. They seem to envy and seek to steal in order to have. Peer group influence: This normally consequences from persons who have been involved in offenses enticing their closest brothers. Lack of religion in an person ‘s abilities and believing plenty in one ‘s internal arm. These include logic and ground. Lack of love. This consequences from persons raised in dysfunctional households, disadvantaged background, a feeling of favoritism. A combination of all these impel an person to affect in offense. Lack of parental control, supervising and monitoring. Parents who do non supervise the tendency and behavior of their kids and up in condemnable universe. Poverty: society has indoctrinated us to believe in the position of wealth as a step of success. Lack of it or as people want more and more can take to offense when acquiring them is difficult therefore a short cut of stealing is the best. Poor judgement: deficiency of proper instruction and great existent theoretical accounts leads to persons non cognizing the right from incorrect largely, offenses do non look to make anything incorrect from their point of position but it is right. 2.7 Financial related issues. Finance normally contributes to success of persons in life. Lack of it can besides do serious effects. Financial issues may lift from ; Loss of a occupation. When an single loses a occupation and if it is the lone beginning of income leads to a serious favoritism in life. This calls for rehabilitation guidance. Collapse of concern: this can besides be beginning of defeat in life particularly if it is the lone beginning of income. Unemployment. Many alumnuss leave with high expectancies of geting a occupation instantly. If it is non realized, it has serious reverse in life. This calls for the rehabilitation. Embezzlement. This can originate from overspending money particularly when it is at that place non retrieving that tomorrow it at that place. When it misses it through persons into entire confusions. Health measures: persons with really immense medical measures end up disbursement to the last penny of it go forthing nil at manus. If by bad deficiency persons ( the sick ) base on balls on, foliages on them non merely the decease cicatrix but besides earnestly strained in fundss. 2.8 Death The incident of this nature can convey out sorrowful incidences in the household of believed 1s. This will accordingly name for rehabilitation guidance. Death is caused by the undermentioned facets ‘ Illness: persons can be sick which eventually causes decease. Accidents: when people are involved in an accident they will either be injured or decease immediately or thenceforth. It may be route accident, accidents that involve machines. Drug maltreatment: the substance maltreatment may besides do decease. This means the overdose of drugs. The nuts besides portion centers for shooting drugs such as cocaine into the blood system. Some are infected with HIV/AIDS which may be transmitted. Due to hapless or even distressing conditions that this people live under they so die. Death can besides be caused by homicides, race murders or self-destructions. 2.9 Natural catastrophes These are events that occur and are beyond human control. They include drought, temblors, epidemics, inundations storms. They normally leave behind a batch of desolations. Peoples die, belongingss are destroyed or even paralysing the economic system. In the event that they occur, so single victims require to be rehabilitated in order to get by with world. 2.10 Ages: Persons who have advanced in age may be given to experience so bare and abandoned. Some complication may attach to age such as ocular and hearing damages. This may necessitate to be addressed and the lone manner they can be made is through rehabilitation guidance. EFFECTS EMERGING FROM THE ABOVE ISSUES Emerging from the above would be several effects. They include ; Mental unwellness: The unwellness can originate from substance maltreatment that may be irriversable. This is why it calls for rehabilitation. The street households will besides impart to petty offenses in the streets where they dwell. They to a really big extent involve in this as a manner of gaining their life. They besides dirtily the streets. Political instability lead: to internally displaced persons. It besides mains and wounds others. They besides lend to belongings devastation. Accidents that lead to decease besides end up traumatising others. They may besides do lefty measures of medical related. Natural catastrophes besides cause devastations, supplanting of people. They may besides take to diseases such as the H2O – borne diseases as cholera Drug maltreatment besides may take to socially dysfunctional societies. Wayward kids, pervert and kids w Ho are morally decayed. A coevals of hopelessness and desperation. Sexual related instances besides cause injury to the colza victims. They feel affected in the actions and the cicatrix is about lasting. REMEDIES TO THE ISSUES The above mentioned issues necessitate to be tackled so as to control them in society. The following are the proposed redresss for issues ; In the instance of political instability there is demand for transmutation aims including ego sufficiency in nutrient production, poorness decrease, and sustainable growing in all sectors. It besides requires authorising of people through the basic entree to basic production particularly the land, capital, and creative activity of employment chances for the young person. There should be a form of wealth distribution to all topographic points. Guidance and guidance besides should be at the Centre for the above. The instances that are already at the extreme and require that they need to be rehabilitated to convey them back to usually. Some catastrophes which are related by adult male such as the environmental debasement demand to be addressed and environmental preservation. This will keep cut down facets such as drouth so controling dearth. The rehabilitation centres to be established through out the state. This will assist reconstruct persons who have be en affected and are beyond counsel and reding degree. They need to be good equipped with the installations and forces who are good trained to assist the victims stabilize socially emotionally, physically and even spiritually. Capacity edifice is another facet to be enhanced. This will assist make consciousness in the society as whole on the ways of forestalling the issues such as substance maltreatment, sexual related 1s every bit good as the accommodation of persons to occupation loss, retirement, convulsion unwellness every bit good as promotion in age. It will besides affect esthesis of persons on how to cover with them merely in instance they arise. Capacity edifice will besides assist persons to cognize the nature of side effects when for case people abuse the substance or drugs. Legislation. The Torahs sing the wrongdoers need to be more rigorous in order to populate people from acquiring involved in such instances as the drug cyberspace mob where they sell them to the young persons in the metropoliss, small towns and larning establishments. It will besides assist to control junior-grade offenses in the society if good utilised. Authorization. All people should be empowered through wealth creative activity methodological analysiss. The young person should be initiated into authorization chances which will prosecute them in order to avoid their engagement of either in the junior-grade offenses or 500 carpet maltreatment. This will besides do them see ground in development instead than devastation. Environmental issues that end up doing instances such as drouth ensuing to famine ought to be addressed through environmental preservation. Peoples should be sharply be involved in the procedure of tree planting, waste direction in the instance of towns every bit good as the saving of the natural wood. Dearth can besides be utilized with good established presentation schemes. This will assist minimise the hungriness related issues The early heating system centres ought to be established in instances where people get involved in amusing or unusual inclinations of drug maltreatment, offense every bit good as political instability. Such centres besides prepare persons merely encase at that place occurs such as those of the natural catastrophes. How to cite The Call For Rehabilitation Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Reflection of Organizational Learning and Development

Question: Discuss about the Reflection of Organizational Learning and Development. Answer: Introduction A learning and development technique plans to build up a workforce's abilities, aptitudes and skills to make a supportable, fruitful organization, and is an essential part of an organization's general business procedure. This paper inspects the part of learning and development methodology in giving a dream, which bolsters the administration of progress, improves representatives engagement and drives elite levels and business achievement (Cyert James, 2012). Innovativeness, knowledge and enthusiasm are key separation for ventures requiring propelled skills and aptitude, for example, the mechanical and development design segments, especially concerning achievement and winning business. This makes individuals valuable to a company. While skills and knowledge are replaceable in the long haul, there is a gigantic cost as far as supplanting staff and giving the fundamental support and preparation to update them. Kirkpatricks Four Levels of Evaluation In a journal by Easterby-Smith et al (2010), it was while composing his proposition in 1952 that Donald Kirkpatrick was distinctly keen on assessing preparation (training) programs. In a progression of articles distributed in 1959, he recommended a show for assessing preparation programs, however it was not until 1994, that he distributed "Assessing Training Programs: The Four Levels". As per Kirkpatrick, assessing preparation projects is fundamental for the accompanying reasons: To choose whether to keep offering a specific preparation program To enhance future projects To approve the reality and occupation as a preparation expert The above three points confirmed my prior beliefs about effective learning methods. The four-level model created by Kirkpatrick is currently generally utilized as a part of a measurement of preparation viability. According to the model, usually assessment ought to begin off with level one, trailed by levels two, three, and four if time and spending plans allow. Data from each past level serves as the establishment for the following level's assessment, offering, in stages, a precise perusing of the viability of the preparation program (Argote, 2011). The first level is the estimate or reaction it assesses how members/students respond to the preparation program or learning background. It tests waters by endeavoring to comprehend members' discernments. The second level measures the expansion in knowledge previously, then after the fact the preparation program. To do this, tests are led on members before preparation (pre-testing) and in the wake of preparation (post-testing). At this stage, assessment moves past members' responses to the recently obtained knowledge, skills, and demeanor of the learners assuming any. The third level surveys the change that has happened in members' conduct because of the preparation program. At this stage, all assessment concentrates on the center question Are the recently gained skills, knowledge, or disposition being utilized by the learners in their regular work field? A few mentors see this level as the most precise appraisal of a preparation program's prosperity. The fourth and last level tries to survey learning and development (training) with respect to business comes about, for instance, figuring out whether deals exchanges enhanced in the wake of staff training. Fundamentally, it is the basic analysis. Every now and again viewed as "the main issue", level four assessment measures how fruitful a preparation program is in a setting that is effortlessly comprehended by administrators and officials better creation levels, enhanced quality, reduction of costs, higher deals, cutting down rates, disappointments, wastage, resistance, quality evaluations, development, maintenance, and expanded benefits or degree of profitability (Argote, 2011). Blooms Taxonomy Wheel Various writing demonstrates Bloom's Taxonomy is a broadly acknowledged organizational structure to help understudies (students) in arranging the substance of their reasoning to encourage complex thinking. As per Argote (2012), Bloom's Taxonomy is good with the way in which the mind forms data to advance cognizance. Blossom built up this grouping framework for levels of scholarly conduct in learning. Blossom's Taxonomy contains three spaces: the subjective (cognitive), psychomotor, and full of feeling (affective). Moreover, inside the intellectual or cognitive area, Bloom recognized six levels: comprehension, knowledge, application, investigation, union, and assessment. This space/area and all levels are still helpful today in creating basic intuition skills in understudies. Blooms Taxonomy contradicted my prior beliefs concerning effective learning methods because he introduced another level union. Argote Ingram (2014) updated Bloom's Taxonomy to present a helpful system to instructors as they work to adjust educational programs, guideline, and appraisal. Essentially, the six level names were changed to verbs to depict thinking as a dynamic procedure. Knowledge changed to Remember, Application to Apply, and Comprehension to Understanding, Evaluation to Evaluate, Synthesis to create, and Analysis to Analyze. Make or Create (initially Synthesis) was moved to the sixth level, since the correction mirrored this level as containing basic and imaginative thought, demonstrating it to be a more elevated amount than Evaluate. The sorts of deduction were known as the Cognitive Dimension and are requested as far as expanding multifaceted nature. In the recently amended scientific categorization, a moment measurement came into being, the Knowledge Dimension. Four sorts of knowledge were distinguished: Procedural, Meta-cognitive, Factual, and Conceptual. For a long time now, teachers and instructional designers alike have utilized the ADDIE Instructional Design (ID) strategy as a system in designing and creating instructive and preparation programs (Walsh Ungson, 2011). "ADDIE" is an acronym for Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. This grouping, in any case, does not force a strict straight movement through the means. Instructors, instructional designers and preparation engineers discover this approach exceptionally helpful since having stages obviously characterized encourages usage of powerful preparation devices. As an ID display, Addie Model has discovered wide acknowledgment and utilize. The ADDIE model depended on a before ID display, the Five Step Approach, which had been created by the U.S. Aviation based armed forces. The ADDIE demonstrates held this five-stage highlight, and included many sub-arranges inside each of the five expansive stages. Because of the various leveled structure of the means, one needed to finish the procedure in a direct manner, finishing one stage before beginning the following (Dodgson, 2013). Conclusion To pull in and hold abilities or skills, organizations need to furnish their representatives with the chance to learn and develop in their vocations. Accordingly, learning and development programs (LD) have turned into a basic ability-administration apparatus, helping pioneers, directors, and selection representatives (HR Managers) assemble their abilities or skills channel. Administration analysts have, as of late started looking at components inside organizations to clarify their prosperity and disappointment and, all the more particularly, how their focused positions are improved through prevalent knowledge. A few scholars have concentrated on assets, abilities, or capabilities. While others have looked at how organizations get and build up their skills after some time. There is likewise a developing assemblage of research on how firms can gain from, and grow new assets through vital organizations together with different firms. The lessons I have learnt is that it is more productive to combine the theories of learning and development, mentioned above. What I might do differently now is to structure learning methods in a clear, effective and comprehensive manner. References Argote L. and Ingram P. (2014) Knowledge transfer: A basis for competitive advantage in firms, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 82(1): 150169 Argote, L. (2011) Organizational Learning: Creating, Retaining, and Transferring Knowledge, Boston: Kluwer Academic Argote, L. (2012) Organizational learning research: Past, present and future, Management Learning, 42 (4): 439446 Cyert, R. and James G. (2012) A Behavioral Theory of the Firm (2 ed.). Wiley-Blackwell Dodgson, M. (2013) Organizational learning: a review of some literatures, Organization Studies 14.3 (1993): 375-394 Easterby-Smith M., Crossan M. and Niccolini D. (2010) Organizational learning: Debates past, present and future, Journal of Management Studies 37(6): 783796 Edmondson, A. C., Dillon J. and Roloff K (2016) Three perspectives on team learning: Outcome improvement, task master and group process. The Academy of Management Annals, Volume 1. Fiol, M. C. and Lyles, M. A. (2015) Organizational learning, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 10, pp. 803-13 Walsh J P. and Ungson G. (2011) Organizational memory, Academy of Management Review 16(1): 5791

Myth Essay Example Rama - Bestessay4u.com

Rama is known as the maryada purushottama or an ideal person. He followed the dharma in all the roles he played, as a son, a king, as the husband of Sita and as the leader. As a son, it was his duty to see that the promise that his father King Dasaratha had made to Queen Kakeyi are fulfilled. He gave up his rightful claim on the kingdom and willingly left for the forest despite his father’s pleas not to go. He again maintained his dharma when brother Bharata came to the forest and begged him to return to Ayodhya. Rama was very touched by Bharat’s gestures but his dharma did not permit him to go without completing the fourteen years in the forest. As the husband he felt it his dharma to protect his wife Sita against all evils and dangers and was reluctant to take him to forest with him but her duty towards her husband forced Rama to give in. Even in the forest he looked after her very well and was grieved when Ravana adducted Sita. Rama felt he had failed in his duties a s husband to protect her. After fourteen years of exile, when they returned to Ayodhya and words reached his years that subjects were discussing that Sita was unchaste due to her long captivity in Ravana’s city, his dharma once again forced him to banish her from the kingdom. His duty as a leader, as a king came first. The kingdom is superior to an individual and his dharma at that moment was in the interest of the kingdom. In both the Iliad and the Bhagavad Gita, the heroes, Achilles and Arjuna confront moral conflicts. They amply demonstrate that reasoning cannot promote moral development. Both these heroes were carried away by emotions and impulse. Arjuna felt he was the doer and would be killing his kith and kin, despite assurances from Lord Krishna that he was not killing any human beings; he was only killing the vices and negativities. These appeared to be mere sermons to Arjuna till the end of Bhagavad Gita, when realization dawned on Arjuna. Achilles too withdrew into tent refusing to fight like Arjuna. Achilles was struggling between his own choices – social obligation towards his comrades and his sense of personal integrity. Each of them was initially carried away by emotions but when duty towards the society and mankind, stirred their consciousness, they retuned to the Warfield after resolving their inner conflicts and in a more enlightened state. Both portray that moral conflicts can be resolved when people work with detachment or non-attachment. Besides, one must be able to integrate with his own environment. These suggest to us today that emotions and impulse have no role where morality is concerned. Rationality is the proper vehicle for controlling impulse. Rationality is to work in harmony against diverse desires. Internal harmony stems from social accord and individual morality. Fear and anger give rise to delusions. These eventually become obstacle to moral virtues and moral behavior. References: Wikipedia (n.d.), Rama, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama#Dharma_of_exile 16 Dec 2006 Zigler, R. L. (1994), Reason and Emotion revisited: Achilles, Arjuna and Moral Conduct, http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1741-5446.1994.00063.x 16 Dec 2006 Get Your Custom Research Paper Now You’ve probably tried writing that research paper yourself, but are only here because you needed help. Remember, buying research paper if you can’t do it yourself is always the right approach. It’s not the kind of task you can afford taking chances with. These heavily graded tasks need to be done the right way, the very first time. So buy a paper now.

My Opinion on the Current War essays

My Opinion on the Current War essays I appreciate what the men did for our country way back when, but those wars you spoke of weren't fought over nothing.If the leader of a world power were to publically annouce that you were Evil and must be destroyed and then began destroying countries that too were Evil, wouldn't you want to protect yourself, taking any measures in which to do so? We aren't protecting the rights of humans by attacking them simply because we are scared, we are taking away their rights. Just because those people don't live in America doesn't mean they don't have the right to feel safe and secure in their own homes and their own land? When Afganistan was invaded, they weren't going after a country, they were going after a terrorist group. It's different when you're waging a war against an entire country as a whole. Furthermore, It's obvious that America is going to start this war and drag the rest of the United Nations into the situation and then they are going to feel the full effect of retaliation from "the Evil" countries, while America remains out of harms reach. Maybe I'm just being paranoid but it's rather ironic that these listed-evil countries are also the most prominent oil producing countries. If this does turn out to be about money and oil, what little worldly respect America has, will be destroyed. I do believe that "Our walls need to be guarded" but I don't believe that Other mens walls deserve to be attacked simply because they have been labled. These people have been seen as a threat for centuries, and yet they have never acted against us. I don't think they're stupid enough to act against us, but they too are as proud as Americans are. They aren't going to let themselves be attcked and their lives taken away from them, and we don't have the moral right to make such threats. We have destroyed no countries so far, only helped free one of a regime that oppressed it while raping the land and people for all they're worth. ...

Tips for How to Prepare for an Oral Exam

Tips for How to Prepare for an Oral Exam Oral exams–tests during which teachers ask students to answer exam questions aloud–can be undoubtedly stressful, but there are a number of ways to prepare for nontraditional testing or reporting methods like this. Though oral exams are most common for language learners, they are increasingly prevalent across other subjects because they allow teachers to cater syllabuses to students with a variety of  learning styles. Key Takeaways Stay positive during your exam preparations.Oral exams can be stressful, but they are valuable practice for potential future interviews.Know your subject better than you think you need, and practice using movement intentionally to emphasize your main points.Don’t forget to eat well, sleep enough, and drink plenty of water leading up to your exam. Exercise can also help release nervous energy.Take your time answering questions during your exam, and don’t be afraid to ask for help if you need it!   Stay Positive Instead of psyching yourself out about what could possibly go wrong, remind yourself how much you have learned and what you have the chance to share with your teacher. An optimistic outlook can banish nerves and bring excitement to any exam. Even if you prefer traditional pen-and-paper tests, oral exams can help you succeed beyond the classroom. They provide you with valuable interview-like experience to prepare you to smash your future educational and career goals. Here are a few tips and tricks to help you prepare for your next oral exam.   Know Your Subject Successfully completing an oral exam starts with knowing the material you will be discussing. The best part about these kinds of tests is that you already have all the answers. Teachers won’t ask you anything you haven’t been taught, so you will only need to discuss the material that has been presented to you in lectures, text, and video. With that being said, there are a few things that will ease some of the pressure of reciting this learned material.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dig Deeper The best way to start preparing for an oral exam is to take a personal interest in the material. Knowing more about your topic than what is mandatory will help you predict questions that your teacher might ask. It will also give you more to talk about. Learn the background story of historical figures, authors, scientists, and explorers, even if you don’t think you need to. Many of the world’s greatest mathematical and scientific discoveries were only made because of something that happened in the discoverer’s person life. Did you know that Darwin was going to turn down his trip to the Galapagos because his father disapproved? The person we have to thank for On the Origin of Species is Darwin’s uncle (and father-in-law) who firmly believed Darwin’s discoveries would provide evidence to support Biblical claims.   Not only does digging deeper give you a better understanding of your topic, but you also have more content to talk about. If you if fully understand the ins and out of your subject, you won’t ever run out of things to say.   Predict Questions Now that you know your subject, you can begin to contemplate what your teacher might ask you. The best place to start is with the material you already have. Use previous quizzes and exams, essay prompts, and even the questions at the end of chapters to help you formulate answers. It will also be helpful for you to understand the general theme and purpose of your exam. Knowing the purpose of your exam–the topic on which you are being tested–makes crafting answers easier because you have a goal in mind. For example, if your geography teacher asks you how the climate and geographical feature affected the U.S. troops in Vietnam, you know that your answer should be built off of mountains, rivers, and weather patterns more than the success or failure of the troops because the exam is about geography. Similarly, your French teacher may ask you about a film you recently saw, but the content of the film doesn’t matter as much as your ability to conjugate verbs and use the past tense. When predicting questions, remember that one question can best asked a hundred different ways. Words like outline, describe, and detail are different ways of saying â€Å"tell me about†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Be prepared for these trigger words by asking yourself the same question a few different ways. â€Å"Chunk† Your Content When crafting your answers, try to â€Å"chunk† or group bits of information together rather than trying to remember everything as a whole. Think about the way a book is written–not as one massive piece of text, but a story divided into digestible bits with a common thread that ties them all together. Turn your exam into a story so when your teachers asks you about the economic climate of Thailand after colonization, you can follow your thread through your story without being overwhelmed, and you can easily recall and answer confidently that Thailand was never technically colonized. Use Intentional Movements It is perfectly normal to move around when you are nervous–to fidget with your clothes, to not sit still, to pace back and forth–because movement is a way to release some of that nervous energy, but it can detract from what you are saying because your exam administrator is more focused on your actions. In order to combat distraction while still releasing nervous energy, practice intentional movements. Watch Yourself The best and easiest way to practice is to first know how you move. Sit or stand in front of a mirror or use a camera or a cell phone to you can record and re-watch yourself answering questions. Don’t think too much about how you should or shouldn’t move; this is just a self-assessment. Once you understand how you tend to release nervous energy, you can take the appropriate steps to make your movements more intentional and useful for your exam. Watch Others The greatest presenters and speakers in the world aren’t those who sit or stand completely still, but rather those who use movement and nonverbal communication to emphasize what they are saying. For example, speakers will often take three or four long strides toward the audience to emphasize the importance what they are saying. They use hand gestures and facial expressions that add to the significance of understanding of a topic. Before your oral exam, take some time to watch other speakers and presenters. This can be as simple as watching TED Talks on YouTube. Note how speakers sit, stand, or walk, how they gesture, and how they answer questions. Develop Intentional Movement Practice answering questions using movements and nonverbal communication that you have observed. Lay newspaper on the floor or under your seat to make you more conscious of your movements. If you can’t seem to steady your hands, hold on to a paperclip during your exam. And remember, movement to release nervous energy is perfectly normal, and the most important focus for your oral exam is the content, not your gestures. Physical and Mental Wellness You might have spent days, weeks, or even months preparing for your exam, but if you drink too much coffee or don’t get enough sleep, all that preparation could be in vain. Remember that taking care of yourself, both physically and mentally, is reflected in your capabilities and how you perform. Take care of your mind and body, and in turn, they will take care of you.   Nutrition In the days leading up to your exam, drink enough water (aim for eight large glasses every day), get enough sleep (adults need no less than seven hours of sleep per night), and eat whole, healthy foods. On the morning of the exam, eat a light, energizing breakfast, and limit your caffeine intake. You don’t need any extra jitters!   Exercise Remember that nervous energy we talked about earlier? It is caused by cortisol, the stress hormone. Increasing your heart rate eliminates cortisol. If you can, try to get to the gym in the days leading up to your exam.   Presentation There is something to be said about the clichà ©, dress well, test well. Pick out your clothes the night before so you don’t have to fumble through your closet in the morning. Wear something comfortable and breathable that you won’t need to tug at during your exam.   Take Your Time Teachers firing questions at you can feel overwhelming, but remember that there is no need to rush into your answers. Take a moment after each question to digest what information has just been requested from you and organize your thoughts accordingly. If your teacher asks you to describe Christopher Columbus’s voyage to the Americas, take a moment to recall what your know about Columbus. You know how the voyage was funded, you know the names of the ships, you know how long the journey took because you prepared for the exam. Now that your thoughts are in order, begin to tell your teacher the story of the legendary voyage across the sea.   Ask For Help Your teachers and professors want you to succeed. They are there to help you reach your goals and prepare you for future career endeavors. Visit them before or after school, during breaks, at lunch, or during office hours. Meet with them if you are confused or stuck or you simply want to talk through an idea. Teachers are also normally the ones administering the oral exams, meaning they have created the criteria you need to meet to be successful. They are your most valuable resources and your strongest allies.