Tv vs. Internet - 1042 Words

Will TV Succumb to the Internet? Case Study 1 John Doe 01/01/2010 Submitted in Partial Requirement for CIS-511-110 Managing Information Systems Important Case Facts Widespread use and ease of access to high-speed internet connections, powerful computers, and portable software devices have changed the way people obtain songs, videos, TV shows, and books. File-sharing and DVR service have increased the ease at which TV shows and music can be uploaded to the internet and shared with other for free. Although these TV shows and music files are illegal to share it the current laws against those who supply and download these digital files have almost no effect on users because of the scarcity in frequency in†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Slowly change over to all TV shows accessible only though the internet. The way the internet is progressing and technology eventually all TV shows, movies, music will only be accessible thought he internet and cable will be a thing if the past. TV’s are already internet capable and it’s just a matter of time before everything is digital and there are now â€Å"hardcopies† of anything. It may take 20 years for this to happen but it will and if companies don’t wait to go out of business or bankruptcy they will have no choice but to adapt. †¢ Have more strict and comprehensive laws in place for copyrighted material violators. Having the laws in place to where all countries collaborate toward one common goal will be almost impossible because those last few nations that refuse to cooperate with the other major nations because the servers that host the websites that have the copyrighted material on them will bring too much revenue to the country. The only way to make this work is to have teams of computer programmers sponsored by corporations seeking to protect their copyrighted material and be endorsed by all the entire major nations. These team will have to patrol the internet and will write viruses that will prowl the internet looking for the fingerprint of copyrighted material so the material can be erased and the servers crippled by viruses so they are no longer useable. Recommended Action The recommended action for theShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Internet : Incredible Speed On A Fiber Optic Network Essay896 Words   |  4 Pagesevolution of Internet: Incredible speed on a fiber-optic network [SHOP FIOS PLANS] # # # C MODULE Frontier Fios Internet vs. the competition Head to head, how does fiber fare in the Internet battles? Fios vs. Cable Cable providers serve metro areas. The network for cable TV delivers Internet to the same homes. It’s via copper wiring, though. Fiber-optics consist of hair-thin, flexible glass fibers that deliver data through pulses of light. Fiber technology is way more advanced. Fios vs. DSL ExistingRead MoreStreaming Medi An Emergent Technological1432 Words   |  6 Pagesinvented. 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The impact of Climatic Change on the Decline of Black French Truffle Free Essays

Introduction 1.2 Background Truffles grow under a very sensitive environment; they naturally occur in the Mediterranean region of Europe. This has been a mysterious crop grown under a veil of secrecy for years in this region of Europe (Ruffles Estate, 2013). We will write a custom essay sample on The impact of Climatic Change on the Decline of Black French Truffle or any similar topic only for you Order Now This crop is regarded as a delicacy and has sustained its appeal to food lovers all around the world. Truffle are actually a unique edible mushroom that grows underground also regarded as a fungus and is considered a delicacy complimenting the best foods worldwide. Its aroma as well as flavour is commonly described as unique (Ruffles Estate, 2013). The most preferred quality in truffle market is the black French truffle also known as Tuber melanosporum is one of the most expensive varieties in the market and occurs naturally in parts of France also geographical referred to as the Mediterranean basin (Jolly, 2012). However, the Tuber melanosporum is becoming scarcer, and there is a common idea that this scarcity is due to global change of the climate (Jolly, 2012). This has led to a sharp price increase of this rare commodity, but most of all is the concern of the gradual decline in its availability. Europe, and more so, the Mediterranean basin has seen a steady decline of this rar e species over the last 40 years (FAIR, 2000). This decline has been both in quantity, as well as quality, however this paper will examine the former. 1.3 Project Aims and Objectives This project’s principle aim is to collect and analyse data using both quantitative and qualitative methods to understand the increasing decline in the production of black truffles from France also referred to as Perigord truffle and Tuber melanosporum. In this regard, the project will adopt cause-effect deductions, hypothesis testing, and observations to develop understanding this decline in truffle production and in particular whether it affects the natural occurring or cultivated truffles. A secondary aim of this project considers the reasons for the decline of production of the black French truffle. This project, through careful analysis of related research acknowledges the fact that there is a general decline in natural occurring truffle and that this decline is associated with various factors. The study seeks to identify the main reason for the decline in production and harvesting of black French truffles. The study also aims at providing recommendations to address the decline in truffle production. This study will be documented accurately in order to provide subsequent researchers with all the information necessary to further the development in this field of study. Literature Review In consideration of Truffles biological and ecological growth and development Smith and Read (1997), assert that root symbionts are most significant in checking the ecosystem function in most temperate forests of the world, and this includes the rare ectomycorrhizal fungi. Their main function is the provision of the much needed trace minerals to the truffles as well as protection from drought, disease causing agents and pests (Garbaye, 2000; Govindarajulu et al., 2005). Smith and Read (1997) further add that truffles reciprocate provision of food and protection from disease with provision of carbon to the micro-organisms. The ecology in these temperate regions is complexly interconnected, the mushrooms that are produced by the micro-organisms and are significant sources of food for the animal populations in the forests (Carey et al., 2000). However, according to FAIR (2000), the black truffles production in Europe has dramatically declined over the last half century, this is both in quality as well as quantity. Furthermore, efforts have been made to increase the vegetation that promote truffle growth, but the decline has persisted. This trend had been identified earlier by Cherfas (1991), and in his research, he claimed that the decline had begun over 100 years ago in the natural habitat, in the temperate forests. The cause of this decline in the growth and development of black truffles has been the subject of inquiries and research. There is still little explanation for these long term decline in both natural and cultivated truffle.Research is needed to help understand this decline, the real difficulty lay in understanding the underground microbial since experimental environments fail to match the necessary real world conditions (Macdonald et al., 2005). As a matter of fact Lamon et al (2009) agree that there is sca rcity of much needed extended observations of quantitative data generated from natural the natural setting. Chevalier et al. ( 2001), assert that both Tuber melanosporum and Tuber magnatum are the most valuable species in the market. These varieties are also the endangered species at the brink of extinction. Hall et al. (2001), in their findings explain that geographically, Tuber melanosporum naturally occurs in France, Italy, Bulgaria and certain areas in Europe. Martin, F. et al (2010), specifically examines the decline in the production of Tuber melanosporum, however, he also adds that they naturally occur in the Mediterranean habitat. Sourzat (2002), in the french publication, explains that T. melanosporum’s fruits best in its natural setting characterized by rocks, forests that are open that are generally warm with mild winter seasons, as well, as regular precipitation in the summers. In addition, best production is expected on the slopes where the produce receives protection from excessive cold and dry wind. According to Hall et al. (2001), research reveals that truffier es grown in rainy areas with lower temperatures and have not yielded any truffles. In fact, truffles of the T. melanosporum species grew best in climatic regions with between 600-1500 mm average precipitations, average temperatures of 18-21 degree Celsius in the summer and the winter, an average of 1-8 degree Celsius (Zambonelli Di Munno, 1992). It seems areas that continuously have frozen ground in the cold seasons are not suited for the growth of T. melanosporum because the fruits spoil when frozen. Fontana and Bonfante (1971) in their publication introduce the idea of growing truffle fungi in an artificial environment. They explain that this idea was to supplement the deficit of the produce collected in the natural habitat. This method was developed back in the 1970s indication that the decline of truffle had already been the cause of concern in the market. By the turn of the millennium, truffle grown in orchards accounted for half of the truffle produced around the world (Hall et al., 2003). It also important to note that a majority of these orchards are developed within truffles natural geographic areas. Having highlighted the required natural habitats for the truffles, and in reference to their decline, there are several suggestions based on various research on this decline. Cherfas (1991) traces back the history of this decline by asserting that the number of mushroom species gathered in every foray dropped from 72 to 38 between 1912 and 1982 in the Netherlands. In the same publication, it is revealed that chanterelles in central European market in mid 1970s were found to have reduced in size 50 times than those in 1950s. Hall et al.(2003) in their publication reveal that, by the 20th Century, T. melanosporum in the French market had dropped to 2000 tons annually and a further decline was witnessed by the turn of the 21st Century by 150 tons. It is true that the truffle harvesting in France has been an affair by a small number of people who mainly collected them from their natural setting. As seen in the previous paragraph, there is an increase in production of truffles in orchar ds as a supplement to the dwindling natural supply. In a later publication Hall et al., (2007), affirm that the decline in natural truffle harvest has persisted and is at an all time low of between 12 to 150 tonnes per year from the 1000 to 2000 tonnes in the 1990s. The steady decline in the production of truffle has led to the rise in price per unit over the last decade with an increase in demand (Lee, 2008). The decline of French Truffle has been a point of concern in the scientific research circles with some as Hall et al. (2003) in their study, pointing at water and air pollution, in addition to other factors including, the dynamism in forest structure and the lack of knowledge in traditional gathering as a result of world wars. Similar findings have been published in a report by Amaranthus (2007) citing destruction of truffle natural habitat, urban development, among the reasons for the decline. Such factors are most likely to continue reducing the production figures and specifically those in their natural settings (Amaranthus, 2007; Hall et al., 2007). Garvey and Cooper (2004), in their report further allude that this decline in natural habitat has resulted in the production of truffles on cultivated farms where the trees or truffieres are inoculated. However, these remedies cannot beat the native oak and hazel vegetation as the major producer of the French black truffles in France. In the recent years, the decline in truffle has been experienced in many regions of the world and especially the fast declining French black truffle or the Tuber melanosporum. However, it appears that most researchers are turning to climate as the main culprit. Buntgen et al.(2012) in their study on drought induced truffle decline explains the effect of climate on the production of truffle. They claim in their research that the effect of climate can either be directly or through the truffles symbiotic host vegetation. This literature review delves much into this article because of its relevance to the topic. Buntgen et al. (2012), provide in depth review on the yearly inventory of regional collection of truffle from Spain consisting of Aragon, France mainly a Perigord or Tuber melanosporum, and Italy a combination of Piedmont and Umbria. In this analysis, they indicate that the change in truffle production between 1970 and 2006 was similar between the species from Spain and France that is Aragon and Perigord respectively. Their analysis also found a lack of similarities in changes of production between Perigord and Piedmont–Umbria from France and Italy respectively. This observation from the regional-scale coherency is consistent with Sourzat (2002) observation that western mediterranean basin is the home of truffle fruiting. In addition, the harvests of Aragon and Perigord have revealed significant correlation, this the authors relate to the similarity in summer precipitation, whereas lack of correlations was found between Piedmont and Umbria production and precipitation (Buntgen et al., 2012). The difference in levels of sensitivity here is understandable because the Piedmont and Umbria experience double summer precipitation than Spanish Aragon with Perigord ranging in between (Zambonelli Di Munno, 1992). The average of the three, truffle production outcomes, their regional mean correlated both positively and negatively at higher significant leve l of 99.9 percent with between June and August rainfall totals as well as maxima temperatures. The authors, Buntgen et al.(2012), posits in their analysis that both the natural and the cultivated truffles in the Mediterranean are seasonal and are subjected to the season between November and February a claim supported by Mello et al., (2006). In addition, this is dependent on the summer condition with rainy and cold weather instrumental in the fruit body development as supported by Gallot, (1999) in his publication more than a decade prior to Buntgen et al., (2012). Buntgen et al. (2012) postulate that given the relationship between fungi and host vegetation, there is bound to be competition for moisture due to the amount of rainfall in this season and this correlate significantly at 99.9 percent level with the yield. Fischer and Schar, (2010) present a suite of a dozen climatic models leading to rise in mean temperatures and decrease in rainfall totals for the Mediterranean region until the end of the 21st Century. This is indicative of the increased summer evapotranspiratio n. It is interesting to note that the simulated southwest European climatic conditions representing the last ten years are consistent to the drop in the production of truffle harvest (Buntgen et al., 2012). Nonetheless, Buntgen et al. (2012), state that it is unclear whether the truffle will reach tipping points as a result of the projected shift in climate, this is regard to their physiological and biogeochemical fruit body development. In their assumption, the expected or projected summer dryness will result in a sustained decline, in truffle yield, while the regions north of Alpine arc are most likely to provide suitable habitat for the truffle due to their calcareousness. Based on their observations, Buntgen et al.(2012), are inclined to the idea that climatic change and more so reduced summer precipitation and increased temperatures are the cause for truffle yields in the Mediterranean basin the natural habitat of T. melanosporum. Mello et al. (2006), in their analysis claim that the reduction in future summer rainfall coupled with summer aridity will result in drought resistant strain of T. melanosporum within its natural setting or distribution range. Samils, et al, (2008) in their research predict that the expected drop in truffle harvest in the Mediterranean region, will have a significant impact not only on the local tourism, but the agriculture as well as the global prices of this valuable commodity. This is most likely to increase the value of other varieties with artificial metabolism and not specific to the requirements of their ecological niche as the T. melanosporum (Mello et al., 2006;Gallot, 1999). This might see an increase in T. aestivum cultivation in areas where traditionally T. melanosporum was predominant as well as an increase in demand of truffle from non-traditional T. melanosporum producing regions outside Europe (Buntgen et al., 2012). Splivallo et al. (2012), in their analysis of the Burgundy truffle, suggest that the change in climatic conditions that were said to have begun a century ago has no impact on the current burgundy truffle distribution. However, they concur with Buntgen et al.(2012) on the impact of climatic change on species with narrower ranges such as the French black truffle, Perigord or Tuber melanosporum, and Italy a combination of Piedmont and Umbria. They support this by claiming that if the climate fails to restrict the distribution of these two species, then even a slight temperature increase in northern Europe as predicted by Buntgen et al. (2012) might result in its northern expansion. They confirm what Chevalier et al.(2001) had outlined that rainfall, soil composition are also factors that contribute to the decline in the production of Perigord. Splivallo et al. (2012), concur with Buntgen et al.(2012) assertion that other options will be needed to avert the looming shortage of this truf fle species, success cultivation lies in orchard farming as a change from the current empirical practices. They claim that cultivation of truffle in a bid to mitigate the effects of climate change which is a major cause of the decline should be based on scientific evidence. Therefore, the rise in temperature, in its self, will not be sufficient for the shift of truffle production in the northern European region (Splivallo et al., 2012). Methodology and Procedure 3.1 Research Design This study will adopt a mixed methods research design. This process entails collecting and analysing data using both quantitative and qualitative methods to understand the research problem comprehensively. When both qualitative and quantitative methods are combined in research, they supplement each other allowing a comprehensive analysis of the research problem (Tashakkori Teddlie, 2003). According to Charles Mertler (2002), quantitative methods deal with numerical data using cause-effect deductions, hypothesis testing, and observations to develop an understanding of the research issue. On the other hand, qualitative methods require the researcher to develop a complete picture of the research issues by conducting an in-depth analysis of words, as well as, compiled reports by the study participants. In this approach, the researcher adopts a constructivist approach to have a complete understanding of the problem centred on different contextual aspects (Charles Mertler, 2002). In the mixed research methods, the uses pragmatic philosophy by affirming that truth is what works. Therefore, mixed methods integrate both text and numerical data to give a clear overview of the research problem. In this regard, this study will use surveys and interviews since they are the most popular data collection research tools (Creswell, 2002). In the first step of data collection, a web-based survey will be used, and data analysed using discriminant function. The qualitative method will involve semi-structured interviews to collect textual data from people to regarding the decline of Truffles. 3.2 Research Sample The target population sample will be about 1,200 environmentalists and hoteliers in France regarding the decline of truffles. These individuals are people who have been working in the hotel and environmental sectors in France. For the first quantitative stage of the research, a convenience sample will be chosen comprising individuals studying truffles decline, locals, and environmentalists, as well as, hoteliers. For the qualitative phase of the research, a smaller sample will be used to understand the main issue regarding the decline of French truffle (Creswell, 2002, p. 194). This is to ensure the selected participants will give appropriate answers to the research questions. Besides, for the qualitative part of the research, participants will be notified of their selection for voluntary follow-up individual interviews. Given the use of mixed methods research in the study, selection of participants for the qualitative part will rely on the outcomes of the quantitative stage. The us e of this approach will ensure the researcher gets a multidimensional outlook of the research problem. For this research, the participants will be chosen centred on the statistically significant difference outcomes of the discriminant function analysis. 3.3 Data Collection For the quantitative phase of the research, a cross-sectional survey will be used; this implies that statistics will be gathered at one point in time (McMillan, 2000). The survey used for this research will be of different formats including multiple choices, yes/no questions, self-evaluation items, and open-ended questions. The questionnaire will comprise twenty four questions divided equally into six sections. The first section will contain questions regarding truffles and the participant’s understanding of truffles measured on a 7-point Likert scale. The second part will evaluate the participants’ awareness regarding the decline of truffles using a 7-point scale. The third part will provide information regarding the factors participants believe to cause a decline in truffles. The current issues regarding management of truffles will constitute the fourth part while the fifth segment will provide data answering how ecological factors influence truffles survival. Demogra phic questions will be in the sixth part of the survey regarding data about the participants’ age, residency, gender, and employment among others. Besides, the final question in the survey will be open-ended asking for additional information about truffles decline in France. The survey will be web-based accessible through a URL address given to the participants. For the qualitative method, in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews will be used to collect data. Half of the research sample will be interviewed regarding the research question. Historical texts will be further used to validate the data collected from the interviews. The interviews will include twenty open-ended questions pilot-tested before the interviews. The interviews questions will be formulated based on the results from the quantitative method. During the interview, the participants will be debriefed to obtain reliable information for the interview questions though, they will be issued with the questions prior to the interviews. The interviews will be tape recorded with the participants’ consent and a copy of the transcript emailed to them after the interview. The respondents will also be allowed to review their answers for the interview transcripts to ascertain their correctness. 3.4 Data Analysis Prior to the statistical analysis of the survey results, the data will be screened on both univariate and multivariate levels. This will help the research detect any multicollinearity in the collected data. Any data that shows a high probability in another category will be excluded during the analysis since they may give a poor model fit (Tabachnick Fidell, 2000). The research’s data screening will entail descriptive statistics for the variables, linearity and homoscedasticity, normality, multivariate outliers, multicollinearity and singularity. The descriptive statistics will be tabulated, and a frequency’s analysis conducted to determine the validity of the survey questions. The discriminant function analysis will be used to determine the proportion by which the variables differ, and classify the functions into predictable groups. The results will then be reported in the form of discussion. Nonetheless, all the statistical analyses will be conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 11.0. In most qualitative research, data collection and analysis progress concurrently. For the qualitative analysis, data collected from the interviews will be coded and analysed for premises using the Qualitative Software and Research (QSR) N6 for qualitative data analysis. Furthermore, a visual data display will be used to identify the relationship in the data collected from the interviews. Data analysis for this phase of the research will involve creating a comprehensive description of the results; the researcher situates the cases in its context to make the case descriptions, and premises related to particular activities in the study’s outcomes (Creswell Maitta, 2002). The researcher will construe the meaning of the results and describe them in the discussion section of the research proposal. Bibliography Amaranthus, M., 2007. Independent Truffle Expert’s Report in Product Disclosure Statement for the Oak Valley Truffle Project. Oak Valley Project. Buntgen, U. et al., 2012. Drought-induced decline in Mediterranean truffle harvest. Nature Climate Change, 2, pp.827-29. Carey, A.B., Colgan, W., Trappe, J.M. Molina, R., 2000. Effects of forest management on truffle abundance and squirrel diets. Northwest Science , 76, pp.148–57. Charles, C.M. Mertler, C.A., 2002. Introduction to educational research. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Cherfas, J., 1991. Disappearing mushrooms: Another mass extinction?. Science, pp.254: 1448. Chevalier, G., Gregori, G., Frochot, H. Zambonelli, A., 2001. The cultivation of the Burgundy truffle. In Proc Second Intl Conf on Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms. Christchurch: Crop Food Research Limited. pp.1-12. Creswell, J.W., 2002. Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative approaches to research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Pearson Education. Creswell, J.W. Maitta, R., 2002. Qualitative research. In N. Salkind, ed. Handbook of research design and social measurement. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. pp.143-84. FAIR, 2000. Improvement of the organoleptic quality of European truffles (EUROTRUFFE). Cooperative Research Measures. Fischer, E.M. Schar, C., 2010. Nature. Geoscience, 3, pp.398–403. Fontana, A. Bonfante, P., 1971. Mycorrhizal synthesis between Tuber brumale Vitt.and Pinus nigra Arnold. Allionia, 17, pp.15-18. Gallot, G., 1999. La truffe. INRA. Garbaye, J., 2000. The role of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in the resistance of forests to water stress. Outlook on Agriculture , 29, pp.63-69. Garvey, D. Cooper, P., 2004. Increasing the productivity of truffieres in Tasmania. RIRDC. Govindarajulu, M. et al., 2005. Nitrogen transfer in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Nature , 435, pp.819-23. Hall, I.R., Brown, G.T. Zamboneli, A., 2007. Taming the Truffle. The History Lore and Science of the Ulimate Mashroom. Timber Press. Hall, I., Byars, J. Brown, G., 2001. The Black Truffle: Its History, Uses and Cultivation. Christchurch: New Zealand Institute for Crop Food Research Limited. Hall, I., Yun, W. Amicucci, A., 2003. Cultivation of edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. Trends in Biotechnology, 21, pp.433–438. Jolly, D., 2012. $1,200 a Pound, Truffles Suffer in the Heat. [Online] Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/21/business/global/is-climate-change-shrinking-the-luxury-truffle-crop.html?_r=0 [Accessed 2 December 2013]. Lamon, L. et al, 2009. Environmental Science Technology, 43, pp.5818–5824. Lee, B., 2008. Taking Stock of the Australian Truffle Industry. Barton: Canprint. Macdonald, R.W., Harner, T. Fyfe, 2005. Macdonald, R. W., Harner, T. Fyfe, J. Sci. Total Environ. J. Sci. Total Environ., 342, pp.5–86. Martin, F. et al, 2010. Tuber melanosporum. Nature , 464, pp.1033–38. McMillan, J.H., 2000. Educational research: Fundamentals for the consumer. 3rd ed. New York: Addison-Wesley Longman. Mello, A., Murat, C. Bonfante, P., 2006. FEMS Microbiol.. Lett, 260, pp.1–8. Ruffles Estate, 2013. An Internationally Recognised Gourmet Experience. [Online] Ruffles Estate Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://canberratruffles.com.au/† http://canberratruffles.com.au/ [Accessed 2 December 2013]. Samils, et al, 2008. Econ. Bot., 62, pp.331–40. Smith, S. Read, D.J., 1997. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. London: Academic Press. Sourzat, P., 2002. Guide pratique de trufficulture. Station d’experimentation sur la truffe. Le Montat: Lycee professionnel agricole et viticole de Cahors. Splivallo, R. et al., 2012. Is climate change altering the geographic distribution of truffles. Front Ecol Environ, 10, pp.461–62. Tabachnick, B.G. Fidell, L.S., 2000. Using multivariate statistics. New York: Allyn Bacon. Tashakkori, A. Teddlie, C., 2003. Handbook on mixed methods in the behavioral and social sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Zambonelli, A. Di Munno, R., 1992. Indagine sulla possibilita di diffusione dei rimboschimenti con specie tartufigene: aspetti tecnico-colturali ed economici. Ministero dell’Agricoltura e delle Foreste. 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Hotel and Hospitality Management Echo Entertainment

Question: Describe about the Hotel and Hospitality Management for Echo Entertainment. Answer: Strategies of Star organization The Star is a treasury and casino hotel in Sydney Australia that is one of the establishments of Echo Entertainment group now known as The Star entertainment group in Australia. The strategies of the Star entertainment are to formulate a proper marketing plan that includes the ways of promotion and categorization of the customers based on target market. The strategy of the organization is based on the objectives of the company. The objective of the Star entertainment group is to achieve sustainability. The strategies focus on helping the organization expand its business in a sustainable way. The organization aims at using the water and energy in a sustainable way and develops echo friendly techniques that will help the organization expanding its business in a sustainable way (Corporate Governance statement, 2015, Pg 4-5). Diversify The aim of the Star group of entertainment is to achieve diversity among all the nominated diversity groups. The board of directors of Star group of entertainment is to manage people, culture and social responsibility of the committees. The strategy focuses on achieving gender equality. The other diversity topics are age diversity, multicultural diversity and LGTB diversity. The strategy focuses on implementing key performance indictors to review the measurable objectives for the success of the organization. Various gender programmes had been implemented in order to achieve inclusiveness (Loh et al., 2015, Pg 783-823). The strategies for attaining its diversity objectives are as follows: Gender diversity: to achieve gender diversity the organization formulated strategies of including fifty percent female workforce in the top four levels of Echo entertainment leadership by 2020. The strategy formulated will focus on the recruiting more of female workforce in top level of management. Multicultural diversity: the second strategy focuses on formulating policies and programmes that will provide a more inclusive workforce for all the employees by preserving the culture of the organization. The strategy focuses on including the people of Asian ethnicity in top three levels of management. The aim is to achieve the objective by 2020. The objective is to include Asian ethnicity in the position of senior, executive and general managers ("Performance Against 2014 Objectives", 2016). LGBTI diversity: the third strategy focuses on the development of policies, programmes and activities to give equal opportunities to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender by including them in the workforce by an increase in fifty percent. This is done to increase the Australian workplace equality index. Age diversity: the fourth strategy focuses on the development of policies, programmes and activities to give equal opportunities to aged workers by increasing the employee engagement related to age demographics (Ng Austin, 2016). The star entertainments group formally known as Echo entertainment group ensures that its strategy focuses on achieving diversity at the organization by formulating strategies focusing on inclusiveness. Sustainability development The aim of the Star entertainment group is to expand its business in a sustainable way by optimally utilizing water and energy and generating minimum waste. The company has developed echo friendly technologies, environment, and sustainability five year strategies that focuses on using such technologies that reduces water consumption and energy use. The objectives focus on following strategies: To develop a proper communication plan so that the company can communicate with the customers related to the sustainability issue and feedback performance. The aim is to work as team members to generate ideas that are innovative and efficient. The suppliers are requested to reducing the packaging of key food and beverage product lines and promote the products in the entire supply chain process ("The Star Entertainment Group", 2016). The sustainability strategy also focuses on employee engagement and implementing energy and water saving technologies. Target to Chinese tourists The Star group of entertainment focuses primarily on Chinese tourists. Since the Chinese tourists are a great opportunity for the casino gaming, Star group mainly focuses on Chinese tourists. Chinese culture is in favor of casino gaming that can be advantageous to the Star group of entertainment. The middle class families from China travel to the integrated resorts that have an option of casino gaming. The Star entertainment group focuses on Chinese tourists because of the economic growth of Chinese economy. The increase in the visit of Chinese people to these hotels has increased the material opportunity for tourism and growth (Echo entertainment group, 2016). The Star group of entertainment focuses on both the international VIP customers and international mass-market customer. The focus is more on china and Asia due to their interest in the integrated resorts that provide an opportunity of gaming and casino. Event Center at the Star Casino Sydney Stakeholder engagement plays an essential role is The Star organization. It is essential for the organization to establish a good interrelationship between internal and external stakeholders in order to fulfill the objectives set by the organization. The author works in the event center at the Star Casino, Sydney. At event centre, coordination and communication plays very important role for the development of the business. The sustainability objectives of the organization are aligned to the business strategies to deliver tangible outcomes. All the departments in The star entertainment group work in compliance with the various management policies such as environmental management policy, sustainable procurement policy and principles to manage its operations. The strategy focus area of Star entertainment group is as follows: Stakeholders of the organization Governance and reporting Team members Suppliers Environment Community (McKercher Tung, 2015, 310-315.). Compliance of department objectives with organization objective The organizational objective to expand and grow complies with the department objective. The event centre at the Star Casino Sydney aims at achieving growth and development sustainably by managing the water and energy consumption. The event centre organizes various events such as weddings, birthday parties and new year or Christmas event. It is essential for the organization to ensure that the events do not lead to destruction of environment. Hence, the event sector uses the technologies that leads to optimal utilization of water and energy and generates minimum amount of waste (Sorokina, 2015). The objective of the event centre is as follows: The event centre provides transparent and non-financial report related to environment and sustainability that complies with the governance and reporting committees. The second objective is to formulate an effective communication plan to communicate with its guests, customers and employees to improve the performance on sustainability. It is essential to develop a strategic plan based on the customer feedback. The employees of the event centre are recognized and given awards based on the performance. This is part of the environmental and sustainable program. The event centre does not only require the employees and the customers to become sustainable but also the suppliers. The suppliers of the event centre are food and beverage suppliers, and decorative suppliers. The event centre requires the suppliers to be ethical and innovative in order to improve the sustainability performance. The event centre at the Star group of companies aims at reducing the material consumption and waste generation. Events lead to huge amount of waste and hence it is necessary for the event centre of build such strategies that lead to minimum amount of waste generation (Mendham, 2012). The strategies formulated by the Star entertainment group aims at achieving business welfare and community welfare. The event centre focuses on improving the community welfare by donating few amount of profit to the Non governmental organizations such as child care units ("The Star Event Centre", 2015). Diversity: recruitment process Recruitment process of Event Center follows the standard diversity of the Star entertainment group. Finding the right people for right job is essential and this is most applicable in case of the event center. The event centre does not follow any kind of discrimination while recruiting people for the job. All the types of employees from different places, culture, age, sex and gender work together to make an event successful. What matters is the talent and creativity of people. Event centre requires its employees to be very creative and highly knowledge as the work requires them to do so. The success of the event has nothing to do with the age or sex but what matters is the unique way to think and create. In fact, women are considered better in organizing the event (Weber et al., 2013, pg. 313-332.). The event centre at the Star organization aims at creating diversity in age, gender, culture, race and LGTB. While recruiting the employees the principles are based on various criterias such as career, profession, experience and creativity. The event centre just like the Star entertainment group aims at increasing the number of female workforce by recruiting women in top four level of management that is at executive level (Wolfe Kim, 2013, pg. 175-178.). The event centre does not discriminate employees based on race that is ethnicity of people. Even the lesbian, gay bisexual and transgender employees are preferred for the job. The aged people are also recruited for the job. Hence, the aim of the event centre is to follow inclusiveness and not discrimination just like the Star entertainment group. Environment The primary aim of the Star entertainment group is to achieve growth and development without hampering the environment. It aims at developing technologies that is eco friendly such as green technologies. The event centre is responsible for generating various types of pollution such as noise pollution or land pollution (Ahmad et al., 2013, Pg. 331). The event centre at the Star entertainment group focuses on developing strategies that does not create noise pollution. It ensured that the sound is not too loud that is disturbing. Often parties and other events are conducted at soundproof venues so that the sound does not disturb others. The event centre also aims at optimally using water and energy so that the same is available for future generation (Saad, 2013, pg. 333-354). Chinese guest The number of Chinese tourists visiting Star organization has increased due to the increase in the interest of Chinese people on gambling and casino activities. The event centre also focuses on the Chinese guests. The Star organization has an opportunity to grow by attracting the Chinese tourists because of an increase in their interest in gambling. Hence, it is the duty of the event company to satisfy the Chinese tourists by setting the ambience and surroundings in such a way s that they are motivated to visit the hotel again. The event entre is responsible for setting the table in authentic Chinese style with chopsticks, and tea. The menu emphasizes on food that the Chinese eat such as noodles, and rice. The conference hall or the venue is decorated in Chinese theme with lights, and authentic design. The music played is also the ones that the Chinese love. The event is functioned on the basis of Chinese character and culture. This is done to impress the Chinese. Evaluation I work in an event centre in Star organization that was formed in 2012. 1. My strengths I do not have previous experience for Event Service. My strengths at workplace while working at an event sector are as follows: Flexible: I am flexible at workplace while working in an event centre, which is means that I am able to do any kind of work. I do not have a fixed role in the event centre and hence i am flexible to do any kind of work. Even sector is just a work where an employee has to be flexible so that they can perform any type of activity or work. An event manager needs to be flexible because anything can change at any moment. Hence, it is essential for the event manager to be flexible at work in order to handle such unforeseen events and situations (Dredge et al. 2013, pg. 89-102). Fast learner: another strength that I hold is that I am a fast leaner. Since I have no past experience at an event sectored everything I started from scratch. Hence, it was essential for me to cop up with the speed of other employee and the organization for which it was essential for me to learn things quickly. Event sector organizes an event in a very short span of time and hence all the work needs to be completed on time. I was given a task of organizing an event for a birthday celebration of one of the guests that was staying at The Star hotel in Australia. The entire event had to be organized and planned in one day which I did very efficiently as I got appraisal from guests and also my boss. This helped me evaluate that I am a fast learner as I had joined the organization just two weeks back before the event. Enthusiasm: it is very essential for an event manager to be enthusiastic and energetic. It is essential for them to be passionate in organizing an event. Enthusiasm helps in binging creativity and generates excitement. Enthusiasm had helped me in thinking creatively. Creative: another strength that I have is that I have an ability to think creatively and innovatively that is helpful in organizing an event. I have set new trend for the event service by introducing the concept of tray service and fan service. The waiters will serve the snacks and the beverages to the guests in tray so that they can enjoy the program as well keep their appetite full. The new trend in an event service is to present welcome gifts to the guests based on the theme. For example, a party is organized based on Chinese theme then the guests will be given either fan or a Chinese dress as a welcome gift. Areas for improvement Analyzing the performance so far the areas that I need to improve are on is as follows: Improve the communication process: this is one of the areas that I need to improve on. The communication process with the mangers and colleagues needs to be improved as I have faced many difficult situations due to miss communication or communication gap with the employees. Communication is the most important tool for the success of any event. Hence, I have realized that I urgently need to improve the communication process with my colleagues and managers to eradicate any communication gap. Learning third language: I also feel that I need to learn Mandarin to improve the performance as maximum communication is done through this language only. Areas of achievement during placement One of the biggest achievements that I got after being recruited was the experience to work at the biggest hospitality organization in Sydney that is famous all over the world. The induction process was also very good. I got two inductions one was informal and the other formal. Both the induction processes was good where I got to learn various things that helped in expanding my knowledge. I also got an opportunity to work in an international environment where many international guests visit. Being placed in such a big organization I got to learn work of managing events where I got a practical experience. Leadership While working at the event centre I did not learn anything about leadership because I am the only staff that works there. I am an independent worker, hence I did not learn anything about leadership. All the workers work as a team. However observing the qualities of managers and assistant manager, I learned that it is essential for the leader to be friendly and flexible who is able to handle all the situations. It is essential to be flexible at work in order to enhance the leadership quality. Building on my experience, I want to study Mandarin such as there is the increase in the requirement for recruiting staff with third language. This can be achieved by taking a Mandarin class. References Ahmad, N. L., Rashid, W. E. W., Razak, N. A., Yusof, A. N. M., Shah, N. S. M. (2013). Green Event Management and Initiatives for Sustainable Business Growth.International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance,4(5), 331. Dredge, D., Benckendorff, P., Day, M., Gross, M. J., Walo, M., Weeks, P., Whitelaw, P. A. (2013). Drivers of change in tourism, hospitality, and event management education: An Australian perspective.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Education,25(2), 89-102. ECHO ENTERTAINMENT GROUP LIMITED 2015 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT. (2015). static1.squarespace.com. Retrieved 20 October 2016, from DOI: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/55f76728e4b0799db9586a8d/t/56133e6fe4b0e10cc03b8223/1444101743115/2015+Corporate+Governance+Statement+%28Final%29.pdf (Pg. 4-5) ECHO ENTERTAINMENT GROUP. (2016) (1st ed., pp. 1-106). SYDNEY. Retrieved from DOI: https://www.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/echo-proposal_0.pdf Gursoy, D., Sandstrom, J. K. (2014). An updated ranking of hospitality and tourism journals.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research, DOI: 1096348014538054. Loh, C. M., Deegan, C., Inglis, R. (2015). The changing trends of corporate social and environmental disclosure within the Australian gambling industry.Accounting Finance,55(3), 783-823. McKercher, B., Tung, V. (2015). Publishing in tourism and hospitality journals: Is the past a prelude to the future?.Tourism Management,50, 306-315. Mendham, T. (2012). Star performer.CIO, (May/Jun 2012), 62. Performance Against 2014 Objectives. (2016).Star Entertainment Group. Retrieved 19 October 2016, from DOI: https://www.starentertainmentgroup.com.au/sustainability-performance2014/ Rebranding. (2016).Star Entertainment Group. Retrieved 19 October 2016, from DOI: https://www.starentertainmentgroup.com.au/rebranding/ Saad, S. K. (2013). Contemporary challenges of human resource planning in tourism and hospitality organizations: A conceptual model.Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality Tourism,12(4), 333-354. Singapore, Macau and Australia: the changing policy landscape.Asian Journal of Political Science,24(1), 42-62. Sorokina, N. (2015). Sustainable event management: A practical guide.Tourism Management, (47), 77-78. The Star Entertainment Group. (2016).Star Entertainment Group. Retrieved 19 October 2016, from DOI: https://www.starentertainmentgroup.com.au/starentertainmentgroup/ The Star Event Centre. (2015). The Star. Retrieved 19 October 2016, from DOI: https://www.star.com.au/functions-and-events/star-event-centre Weber, M. R., Crawford, A., Lee, J., Dennison, D. (2013). An exploratory analysis of soft skill competencies needed for the hospitality industry.Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality Tourism,12(4), 313-332. Wolfe, K., Kim, H. J. (2013). Emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, and job tenure among hotel managers.Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality Tourism,12(2), 175-191.

Nuclear Weapons And Their Hazards Essays - Nuclear Warfare

Nuclear Weapons and Their Hazards The modern world is threaten by atomic bombs, chemical weapons, and other nuclear weapons. The nuclear weapon is the number one problem facing the world today. We have not been able to get nuclear weapons under control yet but we all know that our world will be totally destroy. Since the development of nuclear energy, the outcome of human civilization was very slim. It was intended for a good cause, when a Germany-Jew split the atom and found energy, but instead it was used for destroying the next country. The effect on the modern world in devastating. More recent atomic weapons are the ICBM missile. These missiles have multiple warheads that can destroy the entire world in less then 35 minutes. Nuclear war would produced so much smoke that rapid, substantial temperature and rainfall decreases would occur over wide areas of the middle Northern Hemisphere. Smaller temperature decreases might occur in low latitudes but more importantly in these regions rainfall would probably decreases because monsoons could not develop. Like in On The Beach, all the radiation move towards Australia and everyone innocent people died. A large-scale nuclear war would lessen food production over large expanses in the Northern Hemisphere, this could occur through acute climatic conditions which chilling or freezing temperatures occurring for brief periods during the growing season which could destroy crops or lower production. As result of the variety of potential physical and societal disruptions to agriculture from a large-scale nuclear war, agriculture in the Northern Hemisphere could be shut down or significantly reduced for the first growing season after war and maybe several growing seasons. Only the major grain-producing countries such as United States, Canada, and Australia had enough stored food to keep their populations alive if they lost the crops from a full growing season. For countries and thus for most of the people on earth, the food would run out in a matter of a few months if there were no agricultural production for just one growing season. The majority of the earth's human population is vulnerable to starvation following a large-scale nuclear war. As the radiation affect the human, the skin melts on direct contact, buildings collapse, bodies everywhere, pile up everywhere. When we bomb Nagasaki & Hiroshima, on a one megaton bomb, 3 miles in radius was totally destroy. Now, with 20 megaton minimal to 100 megaton maximum, can destroy a whole 25 miles in radius and more. No one can stop this madness. Even if you're able to control the nuclear weapons, some people country such as Iraq would buy the weapon or make their own and other country will start another war. In Iraq, Saddam Hussein's nuclear power plants were destroy because Iraq threaten the world so much that you must destroy his power plant. Like the movie, The Day After, one person launched the missile, and the rest of the world launch the missile because theres no way of stopping it. One way of controlling it, is stopping the people that makes the nuclear weapon. People have a disease of killing the world and making the world a living hell for all of us. In the book, 5:10 AM, there was a unidentified object on the radar, people are out there partying while an unexpected announcement that it might be a ICBM, everyone started to panic everyone started to seek shelter but this family had an emergency shelter, the people beg their way in, more then 100 of them trying to get into a 4 people shelter and everyone was trying to kill themselves to survive and they nearly torn down the door but the radio came on saying that it was a satellite while everyone was happy again and start partying and the people never learns. No body should have access to the nuclear weapons but nuclear energy is allowed. The space program should have access to the nuclear energy because they can harnest the energy into good use and maybe blow up the aliens. The space program could also make advanced rockets so we can travel faster and discover even more things. Even if you blow your opponent out, wind will eventually blow the radiation fall out back to your country and every one will still hate you it'll even carry the radiation to other countries and other countries will nuke you because you cause it and at the end, you'll end up with a huge comisc radioactive cloud and it'll destroy all living things such as baby with three head,

Dutch Rvolt essays

Dutch Rvolt essays The Dutch Revolution is a truly complicated aspect of early modern European history. The Netherlands was Spains meal ticket. Spain relied heavily upon the economic power that the Netherlands supplied them with. However, how is it that when the Dutch revolted that the much more powerful Spain could not defeat the cause? Spain was the most powerful state after the Renaissance in Europe. Yet the Dutch were able to successfully revolt against Spain because of Philip IIs poor judgments, decisions, management, and his alienation of the Dutch people. Philips planning was weak and his attention span was short. He released pressure on the Netherlands on a few occasions to divert his attention elsewhere. These diversions gave the Netherlands the hole they were looking for and the ability to take the upper hand on more than a few instances. An additional key aspect to consider while discussing the revolt in the Netherlands is the amount of time it took. The revolt is often referred to as the Eighty Years War. Wars during the early modern Europe always came down to money; whoever had the most money usually was victorious. In the case of the war in the Low Countries, the Dutch economy was prospering while the government of Spain was running the economy into bankruptcy. Although the economies were on two different paths, they were fairly equal for a time and it caused a stalemate for almost eighty years (Wedgwood 67). It all began when Philip Habsburg inherited the Low Countries from his father Charles V in 1555. He alienated his subjects and lost control of his territories by the 1560's. He alienated his Dutch subjects in five different ways: first, he demanded extreme and heavy taxes; secondly, he visited the provinces in 1559 and was to never re-enter the Low Countries; thirdly, he put into power the hated Archbishop Granvelle; fourthly, he started an unpopular program of ecclesiastical reform; and finall...

Building a Technology Resume

Building a Technology Resume One of the biggest trials for many job-seekers is creating the perfect resume. You can find a professional to do it for you, or you can use a template, but if you are a proponent of the DIY attitude (like most of us in IT), then you need to know how to include your IT skills in a clean and readable format. You also need to make sure to utilize important keywords. Whether your resume is already online or still in paper form, it is likely to end up in a database at some point and you need to make sure it comes up in the right searches. The first step to including your technology-related skills is to make a simple list. Write down the things you know enough about to be comfortable discussing in an interview. Keep the items with which you are most proficient near the top of the list.Step two is to categorize your skills. Do any of them fall under a general heading such as Network Security or Database Administration? If you can list several of these category-level skills, they can be used on the resume in a separate section. They can also be used as descriptions in your summary or objective section. For example: Skilled professional with over five years of experience as a Web Developer and Network Administrator. List your certifications. If you have more than two, include them in your technology section. If you have two or less, move them to an Education and Certification section. Your education section can be placed at the bottom of the resume if your experience outweighs your education, or towards the top of the res ume if you are a recent grad, new to IT, hold a graduate degree, or are currently working on furthering your education. Make sure to format the information so that it is readable, and very easy to scan at a glance. Bullets are great for this, but dont get too carried away and bullet ad nauseam. Using tables and strategic shading are also good ways to organize your information.Finally, take a look at some samples. They are relatively easy to find on the internet and I have provided a couple on a separate page.Show me the SamplesShow me a list of words and phrases for resumesShow me some general resume-writing tips Create a Career Outline Think of your resume as the story of your career. As such, it needs to be organized to best highlight your strengths. How would you answer if you were to be asked, what have you accomplished? or where would you start? If you are fresh out of school, use your education as your strong point. GPA, accolades, club participation, etc. will be your focus.If you have 20 years of solid experience, start defining your accomplishments during each job role.If you have five years of experience, divide your strengths between education/certification and experience. Introduce Yourself Always start with your name and contact information. From there, decide if you need an introduction or objective statement. This is a personal decision and should be worded carefully if used. If you use this section, do not get too personal and do not use I or the ever-popular Seeking to . . .. Be simple and straightforward: Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) with seven years of IT Consulting experience. Skilled at assessing project needs, training end users, and installing, managing, and configuring systems. Beef Up Your Vocabulary Throughout your resume use power words like maximize, dedicated, recognized, proficient, adept, capitalized, accomplished, motivated, decisive, strategic, etc. Show me more power words . . . Use Numbers Make sure to include numbers in the descriptions of your experience. Employers are notorious for wanting quantifiable achievements such as Decreased costs by 20% or Exceeded expectations by completing 4 months prior to deadline and lowering project budget by 10%. Show me more phrases . . . Use the Internet Sites like Monster.com have some great free resources devoted to helping you create a great resume. Resume Example Things to Avoid Do not use I or My. Do not say, references provided upon request. This is assumed and does not need to be stated.Do not list any skills that you are not proficient with. You may include a section titled Exposure To and list items that you have touched but not mastered.Do not let a single typo or misspelling get by you. Have someone else proof your resume before sending it out.Do not, without excellent reasons, include a section on hobbies. This information is not pertinent to your qualifications. Power Words Use the following words to accurately describe your experience and accomplishments. Break out your thesaurus if you are still stuck for the right verb or adjective. AdeptAdministeredAdroitAssessedAuthoredCapableChallengingCohesiveCollaborateCommunicationCompetentConceptualizedConductedConsistentlyConveyedDemonstratedDesignedDeterminedDevelopedDiligenceDrivenDynamicEffectiveEnhancedEstablishExceptionalExceededExpertExtensiveEvaluatedFacilitatedFocusImplementedInspiredInstrumentalIntroducedLaunchedLiaisonManagedMasteryMaximizedMentoredMotivatedNegotiatedOutstandingOversawPerformedPersistentPresentedProficientPromotedRapidRecognizedRecommendRecruitedSkilledSucceededSuccessfulSuperiorSupervisedTenaciousTrainedUniqueUtilized Phrases These are just a few examples of phrases that could be used in your resume. Use the power words above to create descriptive phrases such as . . . Solutions-orientedResults-drivenWell organizedHighly motivatedTop-ranked Use phrases such as these to describe qualitative accomplishments . . . Increased revenue by 200%Exceeded Goals by 20%Decreased costs by $1 MillionImpacted cost of . . . by $400,000Team ranked #1Exceeded quotas by . . .Exceeded expectationsImproved productivitySubstantially improved . . .by 40%Consistently ranked number one

The Corporate Manslaughter Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Corporate Manslaughter Reform - Essay Example This is but a logical consequence of the very nature of corporations' artificial personality in connection with what possible penalty they could be made to suffer. But the famous case of R. v. P & O Ferries (Dover) Ltd. 93 Cr App Rep 72 (or the famous Herald of Free Enterprise case) have challenged this idea and the courts' decision was to formally recognise that these corporations can be made criminally liable for manslaughter. This decision is taken to mean as holding the corporation itself directly criminally liable for manslaughter (as if the corporation have acted independently on its own to constitute mens rea and actus reus) aside from the individual liabilities of its directors or officers. The US Supreme Court as well in 1909 (along the same line of thought on corporate criminal liability) held that corporations could be held liable criminally for acts or omissions including failure of an agent acting within the scope of his employment. From here, there were recent cases which have stated that a corporation will be held vicariously liable for the illegal acts of its employees if the employees act within the scope of their authority and intend to benefit the corporation. In both jurisdictions (UK and the United States), corporate criminal liability is without question recognised. The Problem of the Second Element of the Offence in Government's Proposed Draft Bill Reform on Corporate Manslaughter Corporate manslaughter is a homicide for a corporation. This means that a natural person is made to answer for criminal liabilities as if it were a natural person being held to answer for the consequences of a criminal act. Taken from... The researcher of this essay states that it is but proper to mention some basic concepts of corporate criminal liability as a preliminary before taking up the crucial issues involved in the Corporate Manslaughter: The Government’s Draft Bill for Reform. Corporate criminal liability is one of those hotly debated topics. One issue that attracts much attention is whether a corporation should be at "fault" before liability is imposed, and precisely what "corporate fault" means. In other words, what liability standard should be required before imposing liability on the corporation. For example, should liability be imposed when the corporation is negligent, when it acts "knowingly," whenever harm occurs regardless of the "fault" of the corporation, or some other liability standard? This essay addresses this issue and provides some deterrence-based insights into the choice of liability standards for corporate crime. The researcher mentiones that there were recent cases which have sta ted that a corporation will be held vicariously liable for the illegal acts of its employees if the employees act within the scope of their authority and intend to benefit the corporation. In both jurisdictions (UK and US), corporate criminal liability is without question recognised. The proposed Corporate Manslaughter Law aims to tackle the identification principle by providing a new basis - a test that focuses on management failure at senior level within the organization instead of focusing on the negligent act of an individual employee.

Strategic Management for the International Business Essay

Strategic Management for the International Business - Essay Example Global strategy can be stated as the way a particular business organisation views the global marketplace. The success or failure of global strategy depends on various interrelated factors. The factors include activities like sourcing, research and development, marketing and manufacturing, etc. All this factors are now incorporated in a global organisation strategy direction. In the present business context, every organisation tries to be responsive to the local market condition. Their strategies are incorporated in such a way which firstly is looking for being successful in local market then venturing in the global market. The Coca Cola’s strategy can be stated as an example in this case. The business organisations at present follow the motto of â€Å"Think global but act local† (Zou & Cavusgil, 1995). Global competition has increased the competitive edge in every strategic decision that a company takes in any organisation. Global competition is a phenomenon which occurs when various companies’ cross-subsidies market share on a national level and then it battles for being successful as a global brand and also acquiring global distribution positions. Global business looks towards acquiring economies of scale and cost efficiency in their business by venturing outside of their homeland. As a global company, an organisation tries to acquire international retaliation, world scale volume and also enabling cross-subsidisation. Global companies try to establish their strategies by fixing their locus of responsibilities mainly away from the country organisation (Hamel & Prahlad, 1985). Global market and corresponding strategic decisions are the main focus areas of any business organisation in the present scenario. This has brought in a new phenomenon called global markets which is made especially for standardised consumer

Suffering in Shakespeares Works Essay Example for Free

Suffering in Shakespeares Works Essay The prominent metaphor used throughout Shakespeare’s sonnets and â€Å"Twelfth Night† is the comparison of love to suffering. This metaphor is brought up many times in â€Å"Twelfth Night† by different characters which exaggerate the suffering caused by love. Most of the sonnets written by Shakespeare compare love to suffering, but the sonnet that exemplifies it the most is sonnet 147. These two works written by Shakespeare are similarly connected through word choice to set up the metaphor of love as a painful experience. â€Å"Twelfth Night† is a romantic comedy, and even though the play ends with almost all characters happy, Shakespeare demonstrates just how painful love can be. This suffering that different characters experience is either from being in love or unrequited love. At one point during the play Orsino compares his love for Olivia as an â€Å"appetite† (I.i.1–3) that he can never fully satisfy while later he describes his desire for her as â€Å"fell of cruel hounds† (I.i.21). This word choice chosen by Shakespeare provides the reader with a clear metaphor that love within this play is viewed as cruel. Furthermore Olivia describes her love as a â€Å"plague† (i.v.265), that word carries a negative connotation that cannot be construed in any way to be positive. All of these metaphors are continued throughout the play by varies characters all complaining about their sufferings with words pertaining to a degree of violence. Similarly in Shakespeare’s sonnets the metaphor of love as being cruel and painful can be seen with his particular word choice. The opening line of Sonnet 147 sets the mood for the entire poem with comparison of love to sickness thus continuing the metaphor of love as a dreadful experience. Comparing love to a â€Å"fever† that is â€Å"longing still† (1), Shakespeare creates a discouraging outlook of unrequited love. Furthermore it continues with accusing the unnamed recipient of â€Å"Feeding on that which doth preserve the ill† (3). Not only is Shakespeare complaining about being in love without reciprocation, but he blames the unnamed person for his sickness. This metaphor of love being torturous is continued throughout the rest of the sonnet, ending on a very morbid couplet â€Å"For I have sworn thee fair, and thought thee bright, / Who art as black as hell, as dark as night† (13-14). The word choice of the couplet shows the pessimistic view of unrequited love, thus clearly indicating the extended metaphor of suffering while in love. Love described by Shakespeare is a terrible sickness that no one should have to endure, which is typically not the mindset of most people when they think about love. However, given the context in which Shakespeare wrote these two works, it is clear that he was bitter because of his own personal unrequited love from a woman. This unrequited love is portrayed in almost all of Shakespeare’s sonnets, however Sonnet 147 described the most dark and miserable aspects of love. â€Å"Twelfth Night† portrays the suffering of love through word choice similarly to Shakespeare’s sonnets; however in the end all the confusion sorts itself out unlike Sonnet 147. The extended metaphors within these two pieces express the emotional suffering of unrequited love as written by William Shakespeare.

Language of the land :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Traditional African art plays a major part in the African society. Most ceremonies and activities cannot function without visual art. Such ceremonies include singing, dancing, storytelling, spiritual dreams, and relationships with the opposite sex. According to James Stephenson, â€Å"art is a way to express trust in your own words†¦drawn to create a symbol that is pulled out of you.† He believes art, or literature should illustrate the lifestyles or problems of a certain group of people. In the book Language of the Land, James Stephenson discusses about the Hadzabe tribe. James Stephenson uses many glimpse of art, or literature to portray African art.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three basic themes of African art. The first is the realism among the people of the bush. Most African tribes, particularly the Hadzabe, embellish the details when they are telling stories. This embellishment is done to create the mood of the story. For example, when Jemsi is at Mama Ramadan, he describes the cowgirl as a â€Å"superstar flying in spaceships filled with thousands of male lovers† (Language of the Land pg.67). Then some of the other Hadzabe says, â€Å"the cowgirl was their girlfriend† (Language of the Land pg.67). When Jemsi says he is making it up, all the Hadzabe start telling there own exaggerated stories. This proves that their art of story telling engages your mind, feelings, and body. Another similar example of how Jemsi captures the minds of the Hadzabe is when he talks about â€Å"the bear†¦its claws are the size of Sitoti’s arms, it is fast as the lion. It can cut trees down with its claws, and hunts, e ats men. Sometimes it will come into camp the camp, and sleep next to you. Then if you wake and move; it will kill you, or do the jiggi-jiggi with you† (Language of the Land pg.117). This just shows how gullible the tribesmen are toward each other’s stories. This type of visual or spoken art describes the Africans ability to over express the idea to the extreme.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second theme of African art is the problematic relationships between the sexes. The Hadzabe are shown as the type of people who would use harmless devices to deal with the problems and issues concerning the relations between the sexes. For example, when Sitoti was telling one of his stories of how he scared Swahili girls by â€Å"wading up like a slow moving crocodile †¦[and leap] at the women washing their clothes† (Language of the Land pg.

The Media Violence Debate

THE MEDIA VIOLENCE DEBATE Introduction Television and video games are favorite ways teenagers spend their leisure hours. Parents and teens themselves have wondered about their effects because of numerous concerns raised with regards to the negative influences that these form of entertainment bring. Many of today’s children grow up with a television at home or even in their own rooms and there have been studies dedicated to the analysis of their impact of a young child growing up to adolescence. Young children are heavily influenced by television and video games, many of which are educational.While there are fun educational shows and games that benefit educational development for young children, the choice of video games and television shows are different when they grow up to be teenagers. This is when the problem begins. The negative influences of television and video games are aplenty. Flipping through the channels would surely show situations of violence, sex scenes and expl icit conversations, alcohol and drug use, cursing and verbal obscenities, bad body image reflections, and more.Visiting a games arcade would not only hurt one’s ears because of the noise of gunshots and obscene shouts from the games played, but also expose one to bloody and highly violent ways of killing people. These situations can affect teenagers differently. With some good things that can be learned from many television shows (documentaries and educational shows, for example) and video games (motor skills development), the negative effects of these forms of media outweighs the positive ones. This paper aims at discussing the effects of media particularly on the debate that has been going on with the ill-effects of media violence.Moreover, it provides a bird’s eye view and analysis on the influences of media violence especially on children. Relevant Research and Authors Featured in The Guardian on June 2001, Rushdie's â€Å"Reality TV: A Dearth of Talent and the De ath of Morality† has caught the attention of many moralists who agree on Rushdie's idea and views on the prevalence and existence of reality TV today. Rushdie has presented so many points in his essay that I fully agree on. First, reality television shows are hard to avoid. Their ratings are a proof how people patronize these kinds of shows.Look how many millions of texters would send in their votes for their favorite â€Å"American Idol. † The success of many reality shows in the 1990's made way for networks to think of more programs – the weirder, the better because people had the tendency to watch reality programs that exude the abnormal. Moreover, these reality shows that feature people who have no talent at all, such as MTV’s hit Jersey Shore, contrast to wholesome programs in the past and yes, some modern ones, that showcase celebrities with real talents or programs that are worth our precious time.Marshall McLuhan is not known by many but to those w ho are into the field of media, he is considered to be the first father and leading prophet of the electronic age. This Canadian born writer and critic wrote mostly on the topic of understanding the effects of technology as it is related to the popular culture and how this affected and influenced man and its relationship to one another and to the community as a whole.The phrase â€Å"the medium is the message† was started by McLuhan and stood to mean the form of a medium is embedded in the message itself thereby forming a correlation on how any message is being understood thus influencing change as time goes by. McLuhan (1964) asserts that â€Å"that a medium affects the society in which it plays a role not only by the content delivered over the medium, but by the characteristics of the medium itself. † Furthermore, he emphasizes that any newspaper article or television program does not have any content at all unless the people or the society reacts to them.The message s that are presented by oral, print and electronic media are still depending how it would influence the society as a whole and a person in particular. How the contents or messages come through changes the attitude of the viewers or readers. The messages that each kind of media exposes are dependent on person’s view. He compares movies and television in their manner of viewing and content saying that the visual presentation presents different types of influences. Media as a vessel of influential messages is an essential point to consider to every person who is into the broadcast and print industry.Video Games Violence Video games are a lucrative business anywhere in the world today, claiming US$ 10 billion in sales in the United States alone in one year. However, with this increasing sales come serious concerns about their effects on players, especially teenagers. Researches have been conducted to show the effects of video games on teenagers. Results prove that there is indeed a high possibility and likelihood of aggressive and violent behaviors to be manifested in some adolescents who frequently play violent video games.With these findings, public policy options for limiting distribution of these kind of games are being created; however, the creation and spread of more video games seem too many too stop. In 2006, the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) reported their findings on studies conducted on teenagers who play violent games. These young adolescents show long-lasting effects of abnormal brain functions which include intense emotional arousals and a decrease in their concentration, control, and focus. Television ViolenceAs a child becomes a teenager, his/her hours in front of the television lessens because socialization outdoors, demands of schoolwork, and the lure of other media forms (music, video games, computers, and the Internet) would take a huge percentage of idle time. Watching television is considered to be a relaxing activity wh ich needs less concentration. Rehnstrand (2005) writes that teenagers tend to watch television when they have nothing to do. Yet, even if time spent watching television lessens during these years, parents still have to know what their children are watchingTelevision in moderation is not bad at all. In fact, pre-schoolers can start learning through educational shows, grade school children can learn from nature shows, and adults can be informed with current news. Television can be a source of entertainment as well. However, with the good things, disadvantages cannot be negated. Studies show that teenagers who spend more than four hours daily in front of the television become overweight. They become either more aggressive or become too fearful. Moreover, teenagers develop gender stereotyping and vices from many shows.Direct Effects of Media Violence Researches and studies by professionals in the field of health and psychology have revealed that exposure to media portrayals of violence increases aggressive behavior not only in children but adolescents and adults as well. Reports by mental health institutes state that television, movie, music, the Internet, videogames and printed materials contribute to aggressive behaviors of individuals who are exposed to them. The violence depicted in them is considered risk factors to the developing child, adolescents and to the stability of their families.Individuals who are exposed to media violence often see the world as a sinister place as depicted by television programs. Even cartoon programs for kids are found to contain violence indirectly through their dialogues and actions. Kamalipour et al (2001) stated that with the advent of videocassette sales and rentals, pay-per-view TV, cable TV, videogames, and online interactive media, many more children and adolescents have greater access to media with violent content than had ever been available in previous decades.These depictions make young viewers numb to the ill-effects of violence, aggression, and develop in them fear. Recommendations of Filter Models for Television and Video Games Filtering is a way for parents or others who object to violence in mass media to control what is being viewed and played in their homes. However, it is also categorized by some as censorship. Censorship is an essential and expected element of how people interact instead of cultivating a negative and separate interruption in the regular flow of communication.The major problem centers on where to identify between what is acceptable and which is not, or who is approved and on what criteria to follow. Technology has come up with many types of filtering models, all with one purpose: to opt out parts of a movie or TV program or video game that is not positive for children and teenagers especially. V-chip is used for television receivers that block programs and intended for parents' use for their children . Another is ClearPlay which provides families the choice to watch movie s with less graphic violence, nudity, explicit sex, and profanity.Parental controls and guidance are still deemed to be the best models in filtering violence and other undesirable parts of media. Self-control and discipline are also considered to be essential values that one should have to be able to practice responsibility over the violence depicted different ways. Stimulating or â€Å"Cue† Theories Tate and McConnell (2001) mention about the cue theory, which stated that when angry people are exposed to television or games violence,  those portrayals signal to them to behave aggressively.The elements in the portrayal (guns, particular kinds of characters, etc. ) serve as cues. When these cues are later encountered in real life, viewers are reminded of the  violence, and this reminder increases the likelihood that they will behave aggressively. Viewers who identify with the aggressor in the media  will be more likely to aggress in real life when presented with a simila r situation to that of the media aggressor. And when  the media portray violence as having successful outcome, viewers are more likely to be cued to try aggression as a strategy in real life.Catharsis Hypothesis This hypothesis states that â€Å"If you buy a punching bag, or release your aggression by playing Quake, or by screaming, then you will be less violent and aggressive in day-to-day life, having released your aggression. † According to Greenfield (1984), â€Å"many professionals on this field begged to disagree to this as there are other hypotheses that negate  its formation. However, research testing this catharsis hypothesis found that children who are subjected to media violence showed more overt aggression that analysts blame on lowered inhibitions.More researches show that most deadly effect of media violence is making people numb to the real violence in life. Cultivation Hypothesis The cultivation hypothesis was an approach developed by Professor George Ger bner who used ‘Cultural Indicators' to study whether and how watching television or playing video games may influence viewers' ideas of what the everyday world is like. Theorists assert that television and video games has long term effects  that are  indirect but significant. Gerbner further argues in his theory that television is responsible for shaping viewer's concepts and ideas of social reality.In addition, this theory proposes that mass media is a vital socializing agent that make television watchers believe in the version of reality that it exhibits. Observational Learning This particular theory asserts study findings that exposure to media violence through television, the Internet, and video games greatly influence teenagers’ aggressive behavior. Young children tend to imitate and follow what they see and hear and this theory becomes accurate in their limitations concerning media violence. In addition, it proposes that media violence provides children ideas and views of a world that is really bad and hostile in reality.Considering gender issues when talking about media violence is a serious task that many media watchers are identifying. However, there are also issues that media violence that depicts women has just the same effects of media violence as a whole. Feminists view this differently since they adhere to the fact that there is a grave impact of the degree of media violence if it consists of women issues. Media Influence Media is known to be one source of a steady hindrance in the communication among families, individuals, and society in general.It has played a significant role in shaping and portraying opinions and viewpoints of the public, forming a bond between the nations to the people while reproducing the total image of society. Criticisms as early as the middle of the 20th century suggested that media was able to lessen and restrict a person’s capacity to think and act independently. Occasionally, this is because o f the influence suggestive of the many telescreens and printed writings. The media has indeed a very clear social and cultural effect upon society.This is can be explained upon their capacity to span and touch a huge audience with a strong and influential message. Marshall McLuhan (1964) says â€Å"the medium is the message† as a tool of expounding how the distribution of a message can almost always be more vital than the content of the message itself. It is by the convincing power of media like television, radio, and print that messages span their target audiences. Television and radio broadcasting, for example, have a huge volume of control over what the public watches and hears and the frequency they are viewed.This is an important aspect of traditional media that is challenged by changing the way the audience participates. The Internet today also has made a space for more mixture of opinions in the political, social, and cultural realms and an increased level of participa tion as well. Media Violence in Reality TV The reinvention of reality TV into a more horrible genre is proven by how such sports documentaries are programmed. Sometimes, some programs get too out of bound when the life of participants is being put out for the sake of fun.And it is gruesome how these participants are willing to risk their lives for the money at stake and maybe a shot at stardom, if lucky. In the past decade, we have witnessed how television drama has turned from wholesome to violent and sexually explicit. Moreover, the comedy is becoming worse with puns obviously intended (Halloran, 1975). Along with this, reality TV has turned into a genre that many critics of media assert showcases more violence, more competition, more hurtful episodes, more vanity, and more sexuality as a version of reality.All these are offered to an audience who are willing to gobble these all up. It is a reality as well that many people enjoy reality TV shows as evidenced with the constant rati ngs that show business is doing well. The reasons behind this loyal patronage of reality shows are because people tend to identify themselves with the participants, they enjoy the competition, they are thrilled with the drama that are spiced in these shows (Earles et al, 2002). For the producing networks, it is not at all a sweat to get participants who are willing to undergo such rigid or too easy tasks.The lure of money and instant fame is too tempting to pass. Reality TV shows abound because of the pull it has on the audience share. However, many analysts agree that these kinds of shows that are being aired nowadays are getting ethically and morally questionable – compared to the reality TV series that were harmless and outright wholesome. Furthermore, reality TV shows clearly idolize and worship superficial human aspects like body and facial beauty. This becomes a very bad example for the youth who make up a big bulk of the audience share.Reports say that 3 out of 4 teena gers have reality shows as their favorite TV shows (Rushdie, 2001). Is reality television altering our values in a negative way or is just a reflection of already existing values? Definitely these shows generally impacts audiences in a negative way. In fairness for those shows who do not intend to exude negativism, they still do so. Although subtle or subconsciously, these shows are to blame for the erosion of ethics and morals especially among the young audiences who also enjoy the competition and vanity being portrayed in many of these types of programs.Parental guidance cannot seem to curtail such viewings and minors are taking a peek and sample of the â€Å"badness† involved reality shows. Yes, they entertain audiences because the plots excite the viewers. Remember that real people are writing the scripts and thinking of the plots. The production team is further made of real people. Therefore it follows that the values of the creators are shown, directly or indirectly, in their programs. Graphic Novels as an Agent of Media Violence The American comic book took shape in the late 1930s with the introduction of Superman and then Batman, Wonder Woman, Captain America and more.Arriving at the end of the Depression and ruing the first few weeks of World War II, comics provided cheap, thrilling entertainment that appealed to both the young and the soldiers (Rehnstrand, 2005). Comic books became a very influential and popular element of the entertainment world. As the medium progressed, it embraced a wide variety of genres like romance, horror, crime, science fiction, war, humor and adventure. Comic book sales soared up after World War II but suffered a setback in the mid-fifties brought about by anti-comic book hysteria.The Comic Books Authority whipped up a lot of no-noes on the plots and illustrations. The medium rebounded back in the 1960's this time with a brand new style of comic story telling. The late 1960's brought about the start of today's graphi c novels which disregards the restrictions of the Comic code? More and more content was created and marketed as graphic  novels. 1986 was a breakthrough year when two critically acclaimed bestselling books were published as graphic novels: Maus, and Watchmen. The late nineties introduced Manga, a type of graphic novel from Japan that was accepted warmly in the United States.Today, like their counterpart in prose, graphic novels cover every conceivable genre including fiction, biography, history, journalism, education, crime, horror, fantasy, romance, adventure, memoir, humor, politics, and many more. After a century of growth, the comics that once started for amusement in newspapers have matured and are beginning to enjoy a place in the literary world. Conclusion Television and video games can be good sources of education and entertainment for anybody at any age or gender. However, teenage is considered to be a crucial age when an individual is quite adamant to become an adult or remain a child.The influence of media on teenagers has resulted on many emotional, social, and psychological dilemmas. Studies and research have been dedicated to analyzing the effect of media, particularly television and video games on teenagers. According to Rhenstrand (2005), playing video games is known to heighten the aggressive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors of teenagers. Video games can be more harmful than violent television shows or movies since they are more interactive, requiring the player to identify with the aggressive character.Some scientific studies state that the fewer teenagers play video games or watch television, the less aggressive they are. Attention has been centered on the concern of television and video games’ portrayal of violence, vices (smoking, drugs, and alcohol), and sex. With violence, television is passing the viewing of hurting and killing while video games needs the active participation of players. It is recommended that more research wo uld be conducted on the behavioral outcomes of interactions on violence and sex in video games and the implications of passive participation of teenagers while watching television.However, there should be careful and strict guidelines that the viewing public should follow in order to ensure that their influences would be beneficial, especially for the young viewers. The influence is so great that it has made changes in the way people act and think. These media forms are here to stay, for sure. Let us just hope that it will be innovated to be used as an instrument of change for the better and not for worse. References Earles KA, R Alexander, M Johnson, J Liverpool, and M McGhee. 2002. Media influences on children and adolescents: violence and sex†. Journal of the National Medical Association. 94 (9): 797-801. Greenfield, Patricia Marks. 1984. Mind and media: the effects of television, video games, and computers. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. Halloran JD. 1975. â₠¬Å"The Mass Media and Violence. † Forensic Science. 5. 3: 209-17. Kamalipour, Yahya R. , and Kuldip R. Rampal. 2001. Media, Sex, Violence, and Drugs in the Global Village. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. McLuhan, M. 1964.Understanding media; The extensions of man. New York: McGraw-Hill. Rehnstrand, R. 2005. The longitudional effects of media violence (television and video games) on violence in children into adulthood.Starred paper (M. S. )–St. Cloud State University. Rushdie, Salman. 2001. Reality TV: A Dearth of Talent and the Death of Morality. The Guardian. Tate, E. and McConnell, K. 2001. The mass media and violence from McKie, Craig and Benjamin Singer, (eds. ) Communications in Canada Society, 5th edition. Toronto: Thompson Educational (TEP)