Thursday, September 3, 2020

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Land Law - Essay Example This examination investigates the law of land as a part of law that controls dealings identified with land. Land is characterized as a physical part of the earth’s surface and assets that are found above and cry the surface. The meaning of land likewise reaches out to rights that are related with land. This report covers the realities of the case: connor, a landowner chose to auction some portion of his territory so as to facilitate his money related strains. He proposed to utilize the salary for building up the rest of the pieces of his territory. He offered his farmhouse to Jane on terms that the firm house will be utilized as a private office for a solitary family. Also, he offered some portion of the ranch to Bullhorn Company on terms that any resulting proprietor of the sold part will create and keep up a fence, the sold bit will not be utilized for in excess of twelve dwelling houses, and that the property will carefully be utilized for private purposes. Bullhorn created twelve autonomous private units and offered then to various gatherings on the standing that the proprietors will carefully utilize the property for private purposes and will pay a seller some support expenses for upkeep of the street. Jane additionally offered her property to Oscar who has since built up a business undertaking inside the property. Alex, one of the purchasers from Bullhorn has additionally been utilizing his home as a bail lodging, a business activity. Thus, other house proprietors have communicated their disappointment and have would not keep up their wall just as installments for street upkeep. Lawful issues Covenants are commitments that are gotten from understandings between two landowners. While one gathering brings about commitments, the other party therefore determines an advantage to the contract. The normal destinations for causing contracts to incorporate limitations to the utilization of the parcels or solution of diagram to an improvement plan. A pledge may for example control the way where an individual can utilize their real estate parcel or even the status of the landowner. Despite the fact that the general standard forces rights and liabilities on the first gatherings to a contract, th

Tuesday, August 25, 2020

God of carnage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Divine force of slaughter - Essay Example They would have most likely never met one another if not their children. The thing is on November 3 Ferdinand struck Bruno in the face and took out two of his teeth. This was the motivation behind why the groups of Vallons and Reilles met soon thereafter at Vallons spot to settle the case in an acculturated and strategic way. Be that as it may, bit by bit the discussion between guardians spun wild and they began trivial contention shouting and swearing at one another before the night's over. Alain is a wealthy attorney and Annette is a housewife who is dealing with the abundance of their family, as she herself portrays herself. Michel is a below average discount vendor and his better half, Veronique is as of now tries to compose a book about Darfur, a war-ridden Sudanese territory, and works at a bookshop low maintenance. The way Michel depicts his occupation causes one to feel he is a washout, its never precisely been a bonanza (Reza 9). Alain envisions such a portrayal by asking Mi chel egotistically and without doubt on how effective he is, Cash in that, is there? (Reza 9). Alain himself is a fruitful legal counselor be that as it may, in spite of the fact that he acts presumptuously, he is quiet and unobtrusive when being gotten some information about his calling. Concerning his occupation Alains answer is restricted to two or three words, A legal advisor, which just underlines his attention to being a wealthy and regarded man (Reza 6). Be that as it may, the main thing Alain appears to think about is his activity. Indeed, even Michel spouse cannot resist letting him know, I dont comprehend why you dont appear to think about this, when he doesnt take a functioning part in quarreling about his own child with her (Reza 20). Alains spouse, Annette, is a lady who effectively loses her temper and the seemingly insignificant details of life regularly make her discouraged. At the point when the discussion between the guardians ran wild and they neglected to discove r shared belief Annettes spouse said that he isn't

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Compare and Contrast Paper Essay Example for Free

Look into Paper Essay I have decided to utilize Story of an Hour, composed by Kate Chopin and The Necklace, composed by Guy de Maupassant for this thoroughly analyze paper. I will probably show likenesses just as contrasts between these two pieces and give correlation of the attempts to give a more profound understanding into the subject of this paper. The subject I find comparative in these two pieces is covetousness: you ought to be content with what you have. In the two stories you have ladies that are upset in their circumstances, appearing to consistently be needing for additional. While the narratives are totally different, they do have a comparable message. Dr. Emily Chen, PhD states:† that perusing an artistic book is a piece of an intricate procedure that incorporates coordinated effort between the author, the content, and the peruser. Content is re-made each time another person understands it, and it becomes, all the while, progressively more extravagant. Content is an upgrade that evokes reactions from us dependent on our past encounters, our past perusing, our considerations, and our emotions: the content follows up on the peruser and the peruser communicates with the text†. (Chen, 2009). Every story, read by every individual will in all likelihood illegal an alternate view dependent on their background, state of mind, age and sexual orientation. â€Å"Your condition and individual encounters impact your reaction to stories. Regardless of whether you know about it or not, the focal point through which you imagine a story is sifted by bits of knowledge you have picked up from family conventions, strict convictions, and basic life issues. Along these lines, translations of a story shift dependent on the perusers age and expansiveness of experience. Feelings influence ends drawn from stories. Understandings contrast from culture to culture. †(Clugston, 2010). Perusing every one of these accounts presently, influence me uniquely in contrast to in the event that I had perused them ten, fifteen or twenty years prior. The Necklace and Story of an Hour are both short stories set in about a similar timeframe, the late 1800’s, in private homes. The Necklace is an anecdote about a lady, Madame Loisel that is discontent with her straightforward life as a clerk’s spouse. She is continually wandering off in fantasy land about the better things throughout everyday life and the wealth that she feels that she is passing up. â€Å"She endured seriously, feeling herself conceived for each delicacy and each extravagance. She experienced the destitution of her residence, from the well used dividers, the scraped seats, the offensiveness of the stuffs. † (de Maupassant, 1884). Madame Loisel’s spouse, with an end goal to attempt to bring her satisfaction, gets a solicitation to a gathering with the tip top townspeople. Still unsettled in light of the fact that she didn't have a fitting dress to wear, Madame Loisel’s spouse gives her the cash he was putting something aside for himself so she could go out and buy a dress. That being said she is as yet distraught on the grounds that she has no adornments to wear with it. She asks her companion Madame Forrester to get her something proper and winds up obtaining a â€Å"diamond† neckband from her. At last, the accessory is lost the evening of the excellent party. Madame Loisel and her better half wind up working themselves to death for the following ten years to take care of the obligation they caused in supplanting the neckband, which wound up being a phony at long last. Their life as they once realized it was finished. Story of an Hour is a short story including Louise Mallard, a despondent housewife with a heart condition. In the story she learns of her husband’s demise and inside minutes goes from sobbing wildly to upbeat and euphoric. â€Å"She said it again and again softly: free, free, free! The empty gaze and the appearance of dread that had tailed it went from her eyes. † (Chopin, 1884). Mrs. Mallard felt persecuted in her marriage, that her better half didn't adore her and found a feeling of opportunity from his passing. â€Å"She realized that she would sob again when she saw the sort, delicate hands collapsed in death; the face that had never looked spare with affection upon her, fixed and dim and dead. Yet, she saw past that severe second a long parade of years to come that would have a place with her totally. † (Chopin, 1884). At last, Mr. Mallard didn't go in the mishap and when he got through the entryway and she saw him, Louise passed right at that point. Every story includes a despondent lady as the primary character. Madame Loisel in The Necklace is discontent with her budgetary circumstance, continually fantasizing about the better things throughout everyday life. Louise Mallard in Story of an Hour is a troubled housewife with a heart condition, feeling mistreated in her marriage. At long last, the two ladies take care of their needs: Madame Loisel to be rich or seen as well off pays by yielding her life to work twice as difficult to reimburse an obligation. Louise Mallard needing her opportunity at long last gets it when she hears her significant other has been executed in a mishap, just to lose it with her demise as he really strolls in the entryway. Anticipating is utilized in both these accounts also. Foretelling is depicted in our reading material as:†A strategy an essayist uses to imply or recommend what the result of a significant clash or circumstance in a story will be† (Clugston, 2010). Hinting gives us a few pieces of information with regards to a portion of the occasions that will may conceivably unfurl in the narratives. In The Necklace, the line It was not I, madam, who sold this neckband. I just provided the case. (de Maupassant, 1884) gives a little indication that the accessory may not in reality have been certifiable jewels. In Story of an Hour, the straightforward reality that the initial line expressed Louise Mallard had a heart condition I feel, give some insight immediately with respect to the reality she would bite the dust in the story. The line â€Å"someone was opening the front entryway with a latchkey. † (Chopin, 1894), additionally provides some insight that she could be sufficiently astonished to have her heart come up short. â€Å"There was something going to her and she was sitting tight for it, dreadfully. What right? She didn't have any acquaintance with; it was excessively unpretentious and subtle to name. Yet, she felt it, crawling out of the sky, coming to toward her through the sounds, the fragrances, and the shading that filled the air. † (Chopin, 1894). This line, I feel, shows that Loise may even have felt her approaching demise. Perhaps the reference in the line â€Å"But she felt it, crawling out of the sky, coming to toward her through the sounds, the aromas, the shading that filled the air. † (Chopin, 1894), could be a reference as to Jesus coming to take her to paradise. Incongruity happens in both of these accounts too. Incongruity is characterized in out course book as: â€Å"A inconsistency or logical inconsistency happens between what is relied upon to occur and what really occurs in a (circumstance incongruity) or in a communicated articulation (verbal incongruity). † (Clugston, 2010). Incongruity is appeared in The Necklace when Madame Loisel runs into Madame Forrester in the city. Her companion didn't perceive her since she had matured such a great amount from all the additional work she needed to do to pay her obligation. They have a discussion about the jewelry and how she had lost it and supplanted it, I brought you back another simply like it. Also, presently for a long time we have been paying for it. You will comprehend that it was difficult for us, who had nothing. Finally, it is done, and I am powerful happy. (de Maupassant, 1884) and Madame Forrester answers Oh, my poor Mathilde. Be that as it may, mine were bogus. At most they were worth 500 francs! (de Maupassant, 1884). Madame Loisel had the specific inverse of the existence she had fantasized about. Incongruity is appeared in Story of an Hour by the way that Louise was so cheerful at the idea of her recently discovered opportunity that he began imagining her future alone and thought â€Å"It was just yesterday she had however with a shiver that life may be long. † Little did she realize her life would wind up shorter than she could envision. Both of these accounts speak to death in the manner that Madame Loisel and her husband’s life as they was already aware it passed on the night the jewelry was lost. Louise Mallard just passed on, I feel, from seeing her opportunity being removed by her better half despite everything being alive: her heart basically couldn't take it. She not just lost the opportunity she so ached for when her better half strolled through the entryway, demise made it incomprehensible for her to ever have that opportunity. These accounts hold contrasts also. The Necklace is set in Paris and ranges years while the Story of an Hour doesn't give a precise spot however is no doubt set close to where the creator lived in St. Louis, Missouri and just indicates one hour of time. In The Necklace, Madame Loisel’s spouse is continually attempting to fulfill her, first by bringing her a greeting: But, my dear, I figured you would be satisfied. You never go out, and heres a possibility, a fine one. I had the hardest work to get it. Everyone is after them; they are extraordinarily looked for and relatively few are given to the agents. You will see there all the official world. (de Maupassant, 1884) and giving her cash to purchase a dress. Despite the fact that Madame Loisel is discontent with her monetary circumstance, it is never suggested that she is discontent with her significant other. In Story of an Hour nonetheless, it is inferred that Louise Mallard is miserable in her marriage and she didn't feel cherished by her significant other, â€Å"the face that had never looked spare with affection upon her†. (Chopin, 1894) nor did she love him, â€Å"And yet she had adored himâ€sometimes. Frequently she had not. What did it make a difference! † (Chopin, 1894). I feel that the main time Louise Mallard is genuinely glad is the point at which she thinks she at last has the opportunity to do anything she desires. Every one of these accounts has ladies spoken to in various manners, in all likelihood since they were composed by various gendered creators. Story of an Hour was composed from a female perspective and The Necklace was composed from a male perspective. The time allotment where these accounts were composed is a huge factor in the style they were composed. The late 1800’s wa

GM business report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

GM business report - Essay Example US president Barack Obama isn't happy to give any administrative guide to the organization as he accepts that first there ought to be not kidding rebuilding plan before giving any monetary guide. The organization has chosen to down size its workforce as a procedure of rearrangement. Also GM chose to sell its European arm Opel and Vauxhall to Magna International, a Canadian vehicle parts maker and provider. After a long awaiting process Magna was chosen and it was normal that Magna would put around 700 million dollar into Opel. It was additionally expected that with this gigantic speculation would make more than 25,000 employments in Germany. Be that as it may, in the later 50% of this current year GM again concluded that it would keep Opel with itself and dropped that whole arrangement. The organization has been experiencing such a circumstance in the course of recent months which it has never been. It is been a century that GM is one of the biggest car organizations on the planet. It was holding the main situation as far as deals for 77 long a very long time before Toyota outperforming it in 2008. Today there are 235,000 representatives in the organization. GM is working business in 140 unique nations while in 34 nations it has creation offices. Essential exercises are legitimately engaged with making and conveying esteems and bolster exercises are not straightforwardly related during the time spent worth creation however assume significant job in upgrading the productivity and adequacy (Tutor2u, n.d.). General Motors has solid worth chain which empowers the organization to be at the top for just about a century. GM’s inbound coordinations are solid as the organization keeps up great relations with its providers whom it get the contributions from. These information sources are changed over into definite item into its huge number of creation plants. It is as of now referenced that the organization has its creation plants in very nearly 34 nations. Produced vehicles at that point reach to the purchasers through a solid

Friday, August 21, 2020

Economies, Markets and Strategic Decisions Essay

Economies, Markets and Strategic Decisions - Essay Example It influences nearly our whole lives, from the nature of our lives, our wellbeing and prosperity; it decides our decision of transportation implies as well as our decision of work, and status2. Oil likewise influences our monetary prosperity, family structure, selection of companions and status in the general public. It is with no big surprise that, All things being equivalent an expansion in the interest of a product will build the cost in the short run and flexibly over the long haul. This is unquestionably obvious, for the brief time frame on account of a normal ware. On account of oil, the number is profoundly reliant on the accessibility of stores. On account of product, an expansion in cost would guarantee an expansion in flexibly which would serve to check the ascent in cost. Creation for a bigger scope prompts improved techniques for creation, and a fall in cost beneath its unique level. On account of lodging, no such response is possible3. There is nothing, to control the cost (and the lease) of lodging from rising uncertainly unbounded, if the interest keep on expanding. On the other hand, if the interest for houses tumbles off, there is nothing to check the ensuing fall in cost and lease. On account of conventional wares, flexibly would be lessened, in light of the fact that most things are either consumed4. 1.2 Demand and Supply Forces deciding the cost of Oil Throughout the most recent thirty years, OIL costs have ascended in genuine terms by around 2 ' % a year and as indicated by HM Treasury (2003) report this stands rather than other European nations, for example, Sweden, France, and Germany where genuine house costs have decay or remain moderately steady. In an investigation directed by Guri (2003), it was proposed that low oil gracefully responsiveness more likely than not contributed in more noteworthy pattern increment in genuine oil costs on the planet before the episode of the credit crunch that began toward the year's end 2007. As per Kuenny et al. (2007), incomprehensibly, while there is an issue related with a lack of hydrocarbons, there is likewise an issue related with their surplus which brings about the arrival of carbon discharges into the air delivering a sensational effect on atmosphere (Kuenny 2007). Kuenny (2007) specifies that, the last issue shows up more significant than the previous, geopolitical emergencies, which might be produced by a deficiency of hydrocarbons, seem to impact popular supposition more than dynamic environmental change. Except if new vitality fields can be Figure 1 and Two From Figure one over, an expansion in the interest for oil from D1 to D2 has not been coordinated by a relating increment in the gracefully of oil. Oil dislike conventional wares. This has constrained up cost for oil from P1 to P2. This is on the grounds that with the current situation with the world economy, advertise, more appeal is converted into more significant expenses than flexibly. With the administration feeble oil flexibly in the earlier years, and it powerlessness to accept accountability to expand the quantity of oil saves, costs will keep on expanding As gracefully turns out to be increasingly versatile after some time, expecting the states of interest stay unaltered, we hope to see descending weight on costs and a further increment in the harmony amount of oil purchased and sold5.Because of the time slacks and assets

Monday, August 3, 2020

Has Microsoft Corp. Helped The Development Of Socially Useful

Has Microsoft Corp. Helped The Development Of Socially Useful Has Microsoft Corp. Helped The Development Of Socially Useful Computing Products How â€" Essay Example > Microsoft’s Development of Social Computing ProductsSince the early years of 2000, social computing has proved to be one of the most dynamic and innovative trends of web. Wikis, blog, micro-blogging, social networks as well as other activities usually engage people in collective activities through the internet (Foley, 2008). This has changed traditional business models and created new ecosystems of people. In other words, it has changed how people administer their daily activities and how they relate to others. Social computing capabilities are very central in the world we are living today which is characterized by global knowledge economy and new business ventures. Social computing can provide communication among people across very vast distances hence narrowing the geographical distance between them. This helps in creating a social capital upon which each and every business should participate effectively. The benefits of social computing as far as helping realization of goals of organization are many. One of them is that social computing provides a natural way of capturing and sharing tacit knowledge (Rosenberg, 2004). This aspect is very crucial for the continuity and competitiveness of any business. Other than that social computing helps in finding as well as engaging experts both from inside and outside the organization so as to generate ideas which can lead to the business growth and development. Social computing also helps attracting and retaining young talent through providing people with familiar infrastructure to make a perfect blend between work and life. The success of social computing normally depends more on the use of underlying technology. This includes well implemented social applications on the web or business are some of the ways of ensuring its success. While Frond-end design may be necessary factors as far as realization of social computing benefits is concerned, this may not be sufficient for any business to prosper. This is because businesses have got other concerns which go beyond the promotion of community and content creation. Very few consumer web 2.0 products have proven to meet these required criteria for successful social computing (Foley, 2008). This can be associated on the way such products are designed. While the world is rapidly moving towards embracing technology, it is quite saddening that some organizations are still living in the darkness as far as opening up to the world of technology is concerned. Such organizations would do any thing to ensure that they block the access to some social networks like facebook or twitter which are very common among the customers. This attribute can be seen attributed an attitude of not valuing input of technology in our day to day life. Microsoft Corp has not been left out when it comes to tapping in the new benefits that technology brings and its wide use in businesses (Butler, 2005). Its appreciates the fact that technology has become part and parcel of th e world we live today and as a result, businesses have not been left out when designing products which could perfectly fit them and serve their needs. Microsoft Corp which is widely known for designing of software and general IT applications has come up with products to help in the social computing process.

Monday, June 22, 2020

A Business Report on Artin Child Care Company - Free Essay Example

Executive summary Artin Child Care Company provides day services from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. They care for children from infants to preschools children. IT provides safe and convenient place for kids to improve their skills under supervision of expert people. Artin Child Care Company intends to provide high quality services by hiring expert staff. The company provides organic foods to kids and piano class and swimming class for kids above 2 years old. Company’s aim is to enhance their position in north London child day care market by providing their employees with an honest and supportive working environment, where each employee can devote themselves to providing excellent service to the customers. Parents will be sure that their kids are in safe place which improves kids’ skills. Business Introduction Company background: Artin Child Care is a new company intending to enter the child daycare business. The company concept was developed over a period of one mont h by several business associates having many years of experience in the child daycare industry. The two owners decided to establish this company and provide higher quality in compare with other child care companies in the aria. Shareholders are educated in child psychology and business. The Child Care Company serves organic healthy food and hold swimming and painting classes, piano courses and hand craft classes. Product and service: Artin Child Care is a new established company which has two shareholders who decided to provide day services to infants to preschool kids (Maximum 6 years old). The company is located close to university and it is a good opportunity to absorb customers who study in that university and have kids. The hour work of company is from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Therefore employee parents can use this service as well. The services include indoor games, outdoor games, swimming pool, piano classes, painting classes, hand craft classes and food. Size of the busines s, office equipment and personnel: There is a 1,800 sq. ft. house in a quiet, residential neighborhood. The yard is fully fenced in, to ensure no one can either come in or wander away. The yard will be furnished with safe, entertaining toys; some sand ground that kids can play safe. It has a swimming pool on the second floor as well. The house is equipped for serving meals and rainy-day’s activities. It also contains toys, games, and books for the entertainment of the children. The company is fully furnished with sofas, beds, TV, closets and it has fully equipped kitchen with two chefs. There is five staff that works with kids; each staff is responsible for six kids. The company hired two swimming instructors (one of them is life guard), one piano instructor, and one hand craft instructor. The total number of staff with two cleaners and one manager is sixteen but some of them work hourly. Staffs who deal with kids are mature and educated and have first-aid certificate. Organizational Plan Ownership and shareholders: Artin Child Care is owned by John Adams and Suzy Sians. Objective In the next 12 months the company intends to open for business and to implement a targeted advertising campaign. The company anticipates 10 percent annual revenue growth and at the end of five years the company anticipates gross revenue of  £250,000 annually. Company management structure Artin Child Care is managed by a team of individuals consisting of all of the ownership partners. All partners participate in managing the company. Experience and training of each of the company owners and principals John is one of the founding owners of Artin Child Care. Suzy has worked for 20 years in child care and daycare. He spent the last 8 years managing a local daycare. During this period he also completed a business management certificate at State College. Organizational timeline: A remodeling plan for the chosen location will be complete by M ay 1. Funding needs to be in place by June 1 in order to take advantage of the current construction season. Remodeling and renovations will begin June 1 and will be completed by August 15. Artin Child Care will open for business on first of September.) Company asset Artin Child Care has purchased some new furnishings and fixtures with a resale value of  £15,000. Primary product of company Artin Child Care will offer day care services for infants through preschool as well as after school care for ages 6 through 12. Varsity Child Care will provide fully certified staff and a wide variety of educational and fun activities. MARKETING PLAN Target market: The target market for Artin Child Care is the young families living in the university district. Varsity Child Care will target young parents going to university as well as young parents working in the local area. Business location: The location for Varsity Child Care has ample parking and is ideally suited wi thin the university district to serve the target market. Established custiomers: Although Artin Child Care does not have an existing customer base, market analysis indicates that Artin Child Care should enjoy strong sales from the identified markets. Pricing strategy: Artin Child Care will set pricing according to government guidelines. Based on these revenue guidelines and staffing and rental costs, The company will require average monthly revenues of  £18,000 to break even. Advertising strategy: Artin Child Care will use newspaper advertising in order to help grow its standing in the marketplace. Who are your competitors: There no other day care facilities in the immediate area. Young families that live in the local community drive a significant distance to make use of day care facilities in other nearby communities. Compare competitors strategies: The company does not have competitors in the immediate community but will have to work hard to show va lue and commitment in order to gain customers and market share from existing out-of-community competitors. This can be done through newspaper advertising and also through very inexpensive on-campus advertising. Artin Child Care must attract a loyal customer base by providing children with a caring and supportive environment. Strength of your product or business: Artin Child Care has selected a location that is quick and convenient for customers in the university and surrounding district. The company has also made a commitment to providing a supportive and caring environment that is critical in this market. Weakness of your product or business: Success forArtin Child Care depends on providing caring, supportive service. It is important that Artin is able to retain quality staff. Artin will develop and maintain human resources policies designed to find and retain good staff. Opportunities of your product: The university student body is projected to increase from 12,0 00 to 17,000 in the next five years. In addition the proportion of mature students is also expected to increase. These changes will mean an increase in demand and management is making plans to meet this demand. Threats that might affect your venture: Artin Child Care is at risk from other larger competitors moving into the local market. It must respond to this threat by building a loyal customer base by providing a supportive and caring environment for its customers. Daily operation: The child care will be open from 6 A.M. to 6 P.M Monday through Friday. At this time, operations on weekends or statutory holidays is not being considered. A normal business day will include greeting children as they are dropped off, providing appropriate and engaging activities and providing snacks for the children. Operational facilities: Artin Child Care has selected a 2,200 square foot facility with a capacity for 30 children. The facility consists of a small storeroom, a kitchen a nd a large activities area. Staffing requirements: Artin Child Care will employ a care staff of three full-time staff to start and one part-time bookkeeper. Care staff will be increased as needed to ensure the proper staff-to-child ratio. The business will be managed by the owners. Suppliers: The company requires very little in the form of daily supplies except for ready-made snacks and ingredients to provide hot meals. Varsity is in negotiations with a local food wholesaler to supply products and ingredients for hot lunches according to a rotating menu. Company Capital requirement: Child Care company requires  £35,000 to cover the costs of renovation at the selected location.  £25,000 is also required to cover salaries and rent for the initial startup period. The owners will contribute  £30,000 to cover these costs. Net Capital Requirement:  £150,000. Company capital repayment plan: All debt obligations related to this venture will be repaid withi n five years. Capital contributed by the owners will be considered capital contributions and will not be repaid.